$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Alt\u0131 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Mozart’\u0131n ilk konseri. Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131, 13.10.1762. Kaynak: [13]<\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01774:\u00a0<\/strong>Maria Theresia taraf\u0131ndan ders zorunlulu\u011fu (Unterrichtspflicht) getirildi (Avusturya E\u011fitim Sistemi<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>).\u00a0 ^{[17]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01795:<\/strong>\u00a0D\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck grafik koleksiyonuna ev sahipli\u011fi yapan Albertina<\/strong> kuruldu.<\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz itibar\u0131yla Albertina grafik koleksiyonunun bulundu\u011fu bina, 1949. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a018. yy.’\u0131n ortalar\u0131:<\/strong> G\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz itibar\u0131yla ‘G\u00fcrtel’ olarak bilinen eski \u015fehrin d\u0131\u015f surlar\u0131n\u0131n i\u00e7inde kalan banliy\u00f6lerle beraber Viyana’da toplamda 200.000 ki\u015fi ya\u015famaktayd\u0131. Bu, ayn\u0131 zamanda Viyana’y\u0131 d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirleri listesinde d\u00f6rd\u00fcnc\u00fc (4.) s\u0131raya yerle\u015ftirdi.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – Napolyon’un Viyana’y\u0131 i\u015fgali<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01789 Frans\u0131z \u0130htilali<\/strong> her ne kadar Viyana’ya do\u011frudan bir etki etmemi\u015f olsa da, karma\u015fadan faydalanan ve kendini imparator ilan eden Napolyon<\/strong>, 1805 ve 1809 y\u0131llar\u0131nda Viyana’y\u0131 iki kez i\u015fgal etti<\/strong>\u00a0ve her iki kez de Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131’nda kald\u0131.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Napolyon Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde ordular\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda, 1809. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01804:<\/strong>\u00a0Napolyon’un kendisini imparator olarak ilan etmesi \u0130mparator II. Franz’\u0131 k\u0131zd\u0131rd\u0131 ve durumu protesto ederek Avusturya \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>‘nu ilan etti ve 1806’da Kutsal Roma Cermen \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu tac\u0131n\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Avusturya’n\u0131n Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu ile y\u00fczy\u0131llardan beri s\u00fcregelen ba\u011f\u0131 sona ermi\u015f oldu.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Bu olayla beraber art\u0131k resmen Avusturya’dan bahsetmek m\u00fcmk\u00fcn oldu.<\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – 1814\/1815 Viyana Kongresi<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01814\/15 Viyana Kongresi<\/strong>,\u00a0Avusturya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Viyana<\/strong>‘da Avusturya Ba\u015fbakan\u0131 Metternich<\/strong>‘in ba\u015fkanl\u0131\u011f\u0131nda ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Bu kongrede Napolyon’u yenen g\u00fc\u00e7ler Avrupa’y\u0131 yeniden d\u00fczenlemek i\u00e7in biraraya geldiler.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
<\/p>\n
Viyana tarihi – Biedermeier, Mart \u00f6ncesi ve 1848 devrimi<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Biedermeier:<\/strong>\u00a0K\u0131s\u0131tl\u0131 politik haklara sahip burjuvazinin k\u00fclt\u00fcr alan\u0131nda b\u00fcy\u00fck s\u00f6z sahibi oldu\u011fu<\/strong> ve kapsaml\u0131 sans\u00fcrler nedeniyle ise\u00a0halk\u0131n s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 fikir \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011f\u00fc<\/strong>ne sahip oldu\u011fu bir d\u00f6nem olarak tarihe ge\u00e7ti. Bu d\u00f6nem ayn\u0131 zamanda gelmekte olan Mart 1848 devrimin ayak seslerinin duyulmas\u0131 nedeniyle Mart \u00d6ncesi<\/strong> (Vorm\u00e4rz) olarak da an\u0131l\u0131r.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01800’l\u00fc y\u0131llarda<\/strong> Viyana’n\u0131n 250.000<\/strong> olan n\u00fcfusu k\u0131sa bir zaman i\u00e7erisinde ikiye katland\u0131<\/strong>. Bu h\u0131zl\u0131 n\u00fcfus art\u0131\u015f\u0131n\u0131n ve sanayile\u015fmenin beraberinde getirdi\u011fi sorunlar toplumun alt kesimleri i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck bir sefalet<\/strong> ve bu da Mart 1848 devriminin \u00f6nemli nedenlerinden biri anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a006.11.1815: <\/strong>\u0130mparator Franz Joseph taraf\u0131ndan maden ve in\u015faat m\u00fchendislerinin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra askeri m\u00fchendis yeti\u015ftirmek \u00fczere\u00a0k.k.Polytechisches Institut<\/strong>\u00a0kuruldu. 1872 y\u0131l\u0131nda “Technische Hochschule” olarak de\u011fi\u015ftirilen ismi, 1975 y\u0131l\u0131nda Technische Universit\u00e4t Wien (Viyana Teknik \u00dcniversitesi<\/a><\/span><\/strong>) oldu.<\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Resmin sa\u011f\u0131nda Viyana Teknik \u00dcniversitesi, solunda Karl Kilisesi, 1850 \u00f6ncesi. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Mart 1848 Devrimi<\/strong> kanl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde bast\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131, Viyana<\/strong>‘ya verilen \u00f6zerklik<\/strong> sonucunda belediye hizmetleri alan\u0131nda kendi kendini y\u00f6netme hakk\u0131na<\/strong> kavu\u015ftu. Bu olay Viyana i\u00e7in b\u00fcy\u00fck\u015fehirli\u011fe giden yolda at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f \u00f6nemli bir ad\u0131md\u0131.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Mart 1848 Devrimi’nde ya\u011fmac\u0131 bir gruba m\u00fcdahale eden askerler, Mart 1848. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
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Viyana tarihi – \u0130mparator I. Franz Joseph<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Aral\u0131k 1848:<\/strong> 1830 y\u0131l\u0131nda\u00a0Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131<\/strong>\u2018nda d\u00fcnyaya gelen ve yine Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131\u2019nda vefat etti\u011fi 1916 senesine kadar 68 sene h\u00fck\u00fcm s\u00fcren bir Habsburglu olan\u00a0Franz Joseph\u00a018 ya\u015f\u0131nda tahta \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131<\/strong>.\u00a0Franz Joseph\u00a0ismi, s\u0131k\u0131 merkezi y\u00f6netim bi\u00e7imi ile ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lacakt\u0131.\u00a0^{[16]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"\"$ <\/a>
Franz Josef ta\u00e7 giyme t\u00f6reni, 2 Aral\u0131k 1848, Olomouc. Kaynak: austria-forum.org<\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01850:<\/strong> Viyana banliy\u00f6leri \u015fehre dahil edilerek\u00a0<\/strong>\u015fehir sekiz b\u00f6lgeye geni\u015fletildi.<\/p>\n
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Viyana tarihi – Osmanl\u0131 tarihi uzman\u0131 Oryantalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01856:<\/strong>\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 tarihi<\/strong>ni daha \u00f6ncesinde hi\u00e7 bu kadar olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131 bir \u015fekilde kapsaml\u0131 yazan Avusturyal\u0131 Oryantalist Joseph von Hammer-Purgstall Viyana’da vefat etti<\/strong>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Viyana tarihi – Viyana’n\u0131n me\u015fhur Ring Bulvar\u0131’n\u0131n yap\u0131m\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a029 Mart 1858:<\/strong>\u00a020 Aral\u0131k 1857 tarihinde \u0130mparator Franz Joseph taraf\u0131ndan imzalanan belge itibar\u0131yla tarihi Viyana \u015fehir merkezini (Birinci b\u00f6lge ya da I. Bezirk) \u00e7evreleyen eski \u015fehir surlar\u0131n\u0131n y\u0131k\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131. \u015eehir surlar\u0131n\u0131n yerine bug\u00fcnk\u00fc\u00a0Ring Bulvar\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0(Ringstra\u00dfe) yap\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0^{[30]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
Viyana’n\u0131n g\u00f6rkemli Ring Bulvar\u0131 \u00fczerinde bulunan Avusturya Parlamento Binas\u0131,\u00a0Viyana Sanat Tarihi M\u00fczesi<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>,\u00a0Viyana Do\u011fa Tarihi M\u00fczesi, Viyana Devlet Opera Binas\u0131 vb d\u00fcnyaca \u00fcnl\u00fc bir\u00e7ok yap\u0131 ise 1872-1888 y\u0131llar\u0131nda in\u015fa edildi.<\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01862:<\/strong>\u00a0Viyana Ring Bulvar\u0131 \u00fczerinde \u0130ngiliz bah\u00e7e stilinde Viyana \u015eehir Park\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0yap\u0131ld\u0131. Yine ayn\u0131 y\u0131l i\u00e7erisinde Viyana Belediyesi \u0130statistik Dairesi<\/strong>\u00a0a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Viyana tarihi – Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’nun do\u011fu\u015fu<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01867:<\/strong>\u00a0Macaristan ile var\u0131lan antla\u015fma sonucunda Avusturya-Macaristan \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu<\/strong>\u00a0do\u011fdu ve Viyana<\/strong>, Tuna Monar\u015fisi’nin ba\u015fkenti oldu.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"\"$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: \u0130mprator I. Franz Joseph ve e\u015fi \u0130mparatori\u00e7e Elisabeth’in Budape\u015fte Kalesi’nde Macaristan Kral\u0131 olarak ta\u00e7 giydikleri t\u00f6ren sonras\u0131, 1867. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
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Viyana tarihi – B\u00fcy\u00fcyen ve geli\u015fen Viyana<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a024 Eyl\u00fcl 187:<\/strong>\u00a0Viyana’n\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha da artan i\u00e7me suyu ihtiyac\u0131n\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131layacak 95 km uzunlu\u011fundaki 1. \u0130\u00e7me Suyu Boru Hatt\u0131’n\u0131n (I. Hochquellenleitung) a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f\u0131 \u0130mparator I. Franz Josef taraf\u0131ndan yap\u0131ld\u0131. A\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f m\u00fcnasebetiyle, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz itibar\u0131yla Kahramanlar Meydan\u0131’n\u0131n hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131nda bulunan ve sadece borudaki su bas\u0131nc\u0131ndan faydan\u0131lan bir p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli havuz yapt\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 (Hochstrahlbrunnen).\u00a0[31]<\/a><\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Hochstrahlbrunnen, tahminen 1873. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01873:<\/strong>\u00a0Londra (1851, 1862) ve Paris’ten (1855, 1867) sonra be\u015finci D\u00fcnya Sergisi (Wiener Weltausstellung) ilk defa Almanca konu\u015fulan co\u011frafyada, Viyana’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.\u00a0[15]<\/a><\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: 1873 Viyana D\u00fcnya Sergisi plan\u0131. Kaynak: Wienbibliothek<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01883:<\/strong>\u00a0Kilit ta\u015f\u0131 II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong>‘n\u0131n 200. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc olan 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1683’te koyulan ve Viyana Belediye Binas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0(Wiener Rathaus) hizmete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. ^{[3]<\/sup><\/a> Kay\u0131tlara ge\u00e7en ilk belediye binas\u0131 ise 1280’li y\u0131llarda Wollzeile’de, ikincisi ise 1316’dan itibaren ‘Eski Belediye Binas\u0131’ olarak bilinen Wipplingerstrasse’de bulunan yap\u0131lard\u0131r.\u00a0}^{[20]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0<\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01890:<\/strong> Banliy\u00f6ler \u015fehre dahil edildi ve buralar ile \u015fehir merkezi aras\u0131ndaki bug\u00fcn yerinde G\u00fcrtel bulunan surlar y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131. Monar\u015fiyi olu\u015fturan \u00fclkelerden Viyana’y\u0131 hedefa alan yo\u011fun bir g\u00f6\u00e7\u00fcn ba\u015flamas\u0131n\u0131n sonucu olarak \u015fehrin n\u00fcfusu h\u0131zl\u0131 bir \u015fekilde art\u0131\u015f g\u00f6sterdi ve 1.300.000’e ula\u015fan bir rakam ortaya \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. K\u00fclt\u00fcrel ve ekonomik alanlarda b\u00fcy\u00fck ilerlemeler kaydeden Viyana \u015fehrinde bunun faturas\u0131n\u0131 ise, b\u00fcy\u00fck \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu \u015fehrin su \u015febekesinin ge\u00e7medi\u011fi b\u00f6lgelerde k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck konutlarda, 8-10 ki\u015finin bir oday\u0131 payla\u015ft\u0131klar\u0131 \u015fartlarda Viyana’da ya\u015famak<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong> zorunda kalan g\u00f6\u00e7men i\u015f\u00e7iler \u00f6demek zorunda kald\u0131lar.\u00a0 ^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01897:<\/strong>\u00a0Viyana’n\u0131n dev d\u00f6nme dolab\u0131 (Wiener Riesenrad) in\u015fas\u0131.<\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Wiener Riesenrad’\u0131n in\u015fas\u0131, 1897. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a019. yy’\u0131n sonlar\u0131:<\/strong> \u015eehir tren hatt\u0131 (bug\u00fcnk\u00fc U6<\/strong> metro hatt\u0131) ve ilk elektrikli umumi ayd\u0131nlatma<\/strong> sistemi hizmete girdi.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01889:<\/strong> Avusturya Sosyal Demokrat Partisi’nin (SP\u00d6)<\/strong> kurulmas\u0131<\/strong> ile ilerleyen d\u00f6nemlerde i\u015f\u00e7iler siyasi hayatta boy g\u00f6stermeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01907: Erkekler i\u00e7in genel se\u00e7me hakk\u0131<\/strong> y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi (Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in bkz. 1916).\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a02 Aral\u0131k 1910:<\/strong> 2. i\u00e7me suyu boru hatt\u0131 <\/strong>Viyana Belediye Binas\u0131 T\u00f6ren Salonu’nda yap\u0131lan kutlamayla \u0130mparator I. Franz Josef taraf\u0131ndan hizmete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. <\/strong>Bu m\u00fcnasebetle belediye binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulunan p\u00fcsk\u00fcrtmeli havuzun suyu ilk defa bu boru hatt\u0131ndan sa\u011fland\u0131.\u00a0^{[<\/sup><\/a>}^{32]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – N\u00fcfus rekoru<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01910 civarlar\u0131:<\/strong>\u00a0Viyana n\u00fcfusu<\/strong> tarihindeki rekoru k\u0131rarak 2.000.000<\/strong> seviyesine ula\u015ft\u0131. \u015eehirde ya\u015fayanlar\u0131n %42’si Almanca’dan farkl\u0131 bir\u00a0anadile<\/strong> sahipken, 100.000 ki\u015fi ile \u00c7ekler en b\u00fcy\u00fck yabanc\u0131 grubu olu\u015fturdu.\u00a0^{[2]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0N\u00fcfus bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Viyana, d\u00f6nemin d\u00fcnyan\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck be\u015finci kenti<\/strong> oldu.<\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01912:\u00a0<\/strong>\u0130slamiyet<\/strong> Avusturya’da resmi din<\/strong> olarak tan\u0131nd\u0131.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
Viyana tarihi – I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Habsburg Monar\u015fisi’nin sonu<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a028 Haziran 1914:<\/strong>\u00a0\u0130mparator\u00a0I. Franz<\/em> Joseph<\/a>\u2018in o\u011flu Ar\u015fid\u00fck\u00a0Franz Ferdinand\u00a0ve e\u015fi Saraybosna\u2019da suikasta<\/strong> u\u011frayarak hayatlar\u0131n\u0131 kaybettiler. Bu olay\u00a0I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131<\/strong>\u2018na kap\u0131 aralad\u0131.\u00a0[16]<\/a><\/sup><\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Saraybosna’da Franz Ferdinand ve e\u015fine d\u00fczenlenen suikast\u0131 konu alan resim. Kaynak:\u00a0 [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01918:<\/strong> I. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sona erdi.<\/strong> Siyasi ve askeri sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 itibar\u0131yla\u00a0Habsburg Monar\u015fisi<\/strong>\u2018nin\u00a0sonu<\/strong>nu getirdi. [16]<\/a>\u00a0<\/sup>Monar\u015finin \u00e7\u00f6kmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda Viyana’n\u0131n art\u0131k k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir devletin (Avusturya) ba\u015fkenti oldu\u011fu anlam\u0131na gelmekteydi.\u00a0 ^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Son imparator I. Karl, <\/strong>taht\u0131 b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131na ve Habsburg Hanedan\u0131 hakimiyetine<\/strong> son verdi\u011fine dair antla\u015fmay\u0131\u00a011 Kas\u0131m 1918 <\/strong>tarihinde\u00a0Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131’nda imzalad\u0131. “Atalar\u0131m 700 y\u0131l \u00f6nce \u0130svi\u00e7re’den Avusturya’ya gelmi\u015flerdi, 700 y\u0131l sonra ayn\u0131 yolu geri gidiyorum” <\/strong>diyerek 24 Mart 1919’ta ailesiyle beraber Avusturya’y\u0131 terk ederek \u0130\u015fvi\u00e7re’ye s\u00fcrg\u00fcne gitti. (Kaynak<\/a>)<\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Son imparator I. Karl veda konu\u015fmas\u0131. Kaynak: kurier.at<\/p><\/div>\n
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Viyana tarihi – I. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a012 Kas\u0131m 1918:<\/strong>\u00a0Avusturya Cumhuriyeti<\/strong>\u00a0ba\u015fkent Viyana’da ilan edildi (Republikgr\u00fcndung<\/a>).\u00a0 ^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: 12.11.1918 I. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131, parlamento binas\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcndeki insan y\u0131\u011f\u0131nlar\u0131. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01919:<\/strong>\u00a0Kad\u0131nlar i\u00e7in genel se\u00e7me hakk\u0131<\/strong> y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe girdi.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – K\u0131z\u0131l Viyana<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01919:<\/strong>\u00a0Belediye se\u00e7imlerinde Sosyal Demokrat Parti (SP\u00d6)<\/strong> \u00e7o\u011funlu\u011fu sa\u011flad\u0131 ve Jakob Reumann<\/strong> belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong> se\u00e7ildi. B\u00f6ylece Viyana’n\u0131n d\u00fcnya genelinde “K\u0131z\u0131l Viyana<\/strong> (Rotes Wien)” olarak nam sald\u0131\u011f\u0131 d\u00f6nem ba\u015flam\u0131\u015f oldu.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>^{\u00a0<\/sup>\t\t\t}}
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tK\u0131z\u0131l Viyana (Rotes Wien)\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\u00d6zellikle de 1923 y\u0131l\u0131nda y\u00fcr\u00fcrl\u00fc\u011fe giren ‘Konut \u0130n\u015faas\u0131 Vergisi’ vas\u0131tas\u0131yla 1919-1934 y\u0131llar\u0131nda 65.000 konut yap\u0131ld\u0131. Y\u00fcr\u00fct\u00fclen sosyal politikalar meyve verdi ve anaokullar\u0131ndan \u00e7ocuk yuvalar\u0131na, \u00e7ocuk hastanelerinden \u00f6\u011frencilere \u00fccretsiz yemek servisine, bak\u0131m evlerinden anneler i\u00e7in dan\u0131\u015fma merkezlerine kadar toplumun ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu hizmetler verilmeye ba\u015fland\u0131.\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ×<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tKonu hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen t\u0131klay\u0131n.\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t
<\/div>\n\t\t\t<\/div>\n\n\t\t<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01922:<\/strong>\u00a0Viyana Avusturya’n\u0131n bir eyaleti<\/strong> oldu.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – Avusturya’n\u0131n ilhak\u0131 ve demokrasinin sonu<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0193o<\/strong>‘lu y\u0131llarda Viyana’da\u00a0ekonomik ve politik kriz <\/strong>b\u00fcy\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/strong><\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01933:<\/strong> Parlamento fes edildi<\/strong>. \t\t\t
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\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\tModal Title\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/h3>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t
\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t1933 senesinde demiryolu i\u015f\u00e7ilerinin Mart ay\u0131 maa\u015flar\u0131n\u0131n \u00fc\u00e7 taksitle \u00f6denmesi karar\u0131na grevle kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131k vermelerinin tart\u0131\u015f\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131 genel kurulun ba\u015fkanlar\u0131n\u0131n bir biri ard\u0131na g\u00f6revlerinden \u00e7ekildiklerini a\u00e7\u0131klamalar\u0131 \u00fczerine Ba\u015fbakan Engelbert Dollfu\u00df (1932-1934), bu olaydan faydalanarak, “parlamentonun kendi kendini fes etti\u011fini” ama h\u00fck\u00fcmetin h\u00e2l\u00e2 g\u00f6rev ba\u015f\u0131nda oldu\u011funu ileri s\u00fcrerek, anayasay\u0131 ask\u0131ya ald\u0131 ve b\u00f6ylece \u00fclkeyi diktat\u00f6rce y\u00f6netmesinin \u00f6n\u00fc a\u00e7\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n
Almanya\u2019n\u0131n etkisinde bir nasyonal sosyalizmi reddeden\u00a0Dollfu\u00df\u00a0, Kom\u00fcnist Parti ve Almanya ile birle\u015fmek isteyen Nazi Partisi\u2019ni kapatt\u0131.\u00a0Avusturya Fa\u015fizmi\u00a0fikrini benimseyen ve toplumsal s\u0131n\u0131flar\u0131n yasama ve y\u00f6netimde temsil edilebildi\u011fi otoriter bir devlet (St\u00e4ndestaat) kurdu. Paramiliter \u00f6rg\u00fctlerden biri olan\u00a0Schutzbund\u2018un \u015eubat 1934\u2019de ba\u015flatt\u0131\u011f\u0131 ayaklanma ve\u00a0Engelbert Dollfu\u00df\u2018un 25 Temmuz 1934 tarihinde Avusturyal\u0131 nasyonal sosyalistler taraf\u0131ndan ger\u00e7ekle\u015ftirilen darbe giri\u015fiminde\u00a0Avusturya Ba\u015fbakanl\u0131k Binas\u0131\u2018nda \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmesi ayn\u0131 zamanda i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n resmen ba\u015flad\u0131\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu. A\u011fustos 1934’e kadar s\u00fcren bu i\u00e7 sava\u015f\u0131n ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011framas\u0131 sonucu Nazi Partisi \u00fcyeleri Almanya’ya ka\u00e7t\u0131lar.<\/p>\n
Dollfuss\u2018un s\u0131k\u0131 ili\u015fkiler y\u00fcr\u00fctm\u00fc\u015f oldu\u011fu fa\u015fist\u00a0Mussolini\u00a0\u0130talya\u2019s\u0131n\u0131n giderek\u00a0Hitler\u00a0Almanya\u2019s\u0131na yak\u0131nla\u015fmas\u0131yla \u00fclke uluslararas\u0131 arenada bir anlamda izole oldu. 12 \u015eubat 1938 tarihli\u00a0Berchtesgadener\u00a0Anla\u015fmas\u0131 ile\u00a0Avusturya taraf\u0131ndan\u00a0Hitler\u2018e bir\u00e7ok imtiyazlar (Zugestaendnisse) tan\u0131narak, bakanl\u0131k makamlar\u0131na adamlar\u0131 getirildi, tutuklu Naziler serbest b\u0131rak\u0131ld\u0131 ve Nazi Partisi \u00fczerindeki yasak kald\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131. Buna ra\u011fmen\u00a0Hitler, Avusturya\u2019n\u0131n imtiyaz\u0131 (Annexion) konusunda kararl\u0131yd\u0131. Ba\u015fbakan Kurt Schuschnigg\u00a0Avusturya’n\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131ms\u0131zl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 kurtarma ad\u0131na bir hamle yaparak, 13 Mart 1938 tarihinde bunun bir halk oylamas\u0131na sunulaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131. Bunun \u00fczerine Hitler ordunun\u00a0Avusturya’ya girerek \u00fclkenin zorla Alman \u0130mparatorlu\u011fu’na ba\u011flanmas\u0131n\u0131 emretti. Schussnigg’in yabanc\u0131 \u00fclkelerden yard\u0131m istekleri de sonu\u00e7suz kald\u0131 ve kan d\u00f6k\u00fclmemesi ad\u0131na g\u00f6revinden istifa etti\u011fini a\u00e7\u0131klad\u0131.\u00a0[16]\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t ×<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t<\/div>\n\t\t\t\t \n\t\t\t\t\tKonu hakk\u0131nda detayl\u0131 bilgi i\u00e7in l\u00fctfen t\u0131klay\u0131n.\t\t\t\t<\/a>\n\t\t\t\t
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\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Mart 1938:<\/strong> Avusturya Hitler taraf\u0131ndan Almanya’ya kat\u0131ld\u0131 (Anschluss<\/em>).\u00a0[16]<\/a><\/sup>\u00a0Viyana, “B\u00fcy\u00fck Viyana” ad\u0131nda bir idare birimine (Reichsgau) d\u00f6n\u00fc\u015ft\u00fcr\u00fcld\u00fc. ^{[3]<\/sup><\/a>^{\u00a0<\/sup>Bu olay ayn\u0131 zamanda \u00fclkenin elit tabakas\u0131, nasyonal sosyalist rejimi kar\u015f\u0131tlar\u0131 ve Yahudilerin s\u00fcr\u00fclmeleri ve \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmeleriyle son bulacak olaylar zincirinin de ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131yd\u0131 ayn\u0131 zamanda.\u00a0}}^{[16]<\/sup><\/a>\u00a0Versay Antla\u015fmas\u0131 gere\u011fi\u00a0Avusturya’n\u0131n Almanya’ya ba\u011flanmas\u0131 yasaklanm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, g\u00f6zlemci devletler bu durumu sadece diplomatik olarak protestoyla yetindiler.<\/p>\n}
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Avusturya’n\u0131n ilhak\u0131, Mart 1938. Hitler’i co\u015fkuyla kar\u015f\u0131layan Viyanal\u0131lar. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
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Viyana tarihi – II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Viyana<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Eyl\u00fcl 1939:<\/strong>\u00a0II. Cihan Harbi<\/strong> ba\u015flad\u0131. Bu sava\u015f Viyana’da 200.000<\/strong> insan\u0131n hayat\u0131na mal oldu.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Nisan 1944<\/strong>‘ten sonra ger\u00e7ekle\u015fen 50’den fazla hava sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131 sonucu Viyana<\/strong>\u00a0b\u00fcy\u00fck tahribat g\u00f6rd\u00fc<\/strong>\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 ve Viyana a\u00e7\u0131s\u0131ndan sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a013 Nisan 1945: Viyana K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu <\/strong>taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131ld\u0131. Bu olay\u0131n an\u0131s\u0131na Schwarzenberg’teki Kahramanlar An\u0131t\u0131 dikilmi\u015ftir.<\/p>\n
$\"\"$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: 09.05.1945 tarihli foto\u011fraf, Viyana’n\u0131n K\u0131z\u0131l Ordu taraf\u0131ndan kurtar\u0131lmas\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetiyle Peterskirche’de d\u00fczenlenen \u015f\u00fckran ayinine kat\u0131lan Viyanal\u0131lar\u0131 g\u00f6stermekte. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01945:<\/strong> II. Cihan Harbi’nin sona ermesiyle Viyana<\/strong>; M\u00fcttefik Devletler B\u00fcy\u00fck Britanya, Sovyetler, Fransa ve ABD taraf\u0131ndan d\u00f6rt ayr\u0131 i\u015fgal b\u00f6lgesine <\/strong>ayr\u0131ld\u0131.\u00a0<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01945: <\/strong>Enkaz kald\u0131rma ve sava\u015fta a\u011f\u0131r darbe alan\u00a0\u015fehrin altyap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131 tekrar in\u015fa etme \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 sava\u015f\u0131n sonu\u00e7lanmas\u0131ndan hemen birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn sonra ba\u015flat\u0131ld\u0131. \u00c7ok k\u0131sa bir zaman i\u00e7erisinde halk\u0131n ya\u015fam ko\u015fullar\u0131n\u0131n iyile\u015ftirilmesi ad\u0131na b\u00fcy\u00fck yol kat edildi.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"\"$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: II. D\u00fcnya Sava\u015f\u0131 sonras\u0131 enkaz kald\u0131rma ve yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
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Viyana tarihi – II. Cumhuriyetin ilan\u0131<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a0Nisan 1945: II. Cumhuriyet ilan edildi\u00a0<\/strong>ve yeni bir ba\u015flang\u0131c\u0131n ilk ad\u0131m\u0131 at\u0131lm\u0131\u015f oldu.\u00a0^{[X11]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01954:<\/strong>\u00a0Viyana \u015fehrinin bug\u00fcnk\u00fc haliyle 23 b\u00f6lgeye<\/strong>\u00a0(Bezirke) ayr\u0131lmas\u0131 kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
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Viyana tarihi – Avusturya ve \u00f6zg\u00fcrl\u00fck<\/span><\/h3>\n\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a015 May\u0131s 1955: Avusturya Devlet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi <\/strong>(Staatsvertrag) Viyana’da,\u00a0Belvedere Saray\u0131<\/strong><\/span><\/span><\/a>‘nda imzaland\u0131.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Avusturya Devlet S\u00f6zle\u015fmesi (Staatsvertrag) imza t\u00f6reni sonras\u0131, ortada D\u0131\u015fi\u015fleri Bakan\u0131 Leopold Figl, 1955. Kaynak: austria-forum.org<\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a026 Ekim 1955:<\/strong>\u00a0Son i\u015fgal kuvvetleri Avusturya’dan ayr\u0131ld\u0131 ve \u00fclke ebedi tarafs\u0131zl\u0131k ilkesini benimsedi.\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01957: Uluslararas\u0131 Atom Enerjisi Komisyonu<\/strong> Viyana’da.^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Viyana tarihi – T\u00fcrklerin ve di\u011fer yabanc\u0131 i\u015f\u00e7ilerin Viyana’ya geli\u015fi<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a015 May\u0131s 1964: <\/strong>T\u00fcrkiye ve Avusturya aras\u0131nda ilk misafir i\u015f\u00e7i s\u00f6zle\u015fmesi<\/strong> imzaland\u0131.\u00a0<\/strong>^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
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Bu da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir<\/strong><\/span>
\n<\/strong><\/a>T\u00fcrklerin Avusturya’ya\u00a0g\u00f6\u00e7 tarihine \u0131\u015f\u0131k tutan sergi burada:<\/p>\n
\u201eViyana \u015eehir M\u00fczesi<\/a><\/span><\/span>\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n
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Viyana tarihi – B\u00fcy\u00fck projeler d\u00f6nemi<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01965: <\/strong>OPEC Viyana’da.\u00a0<\/strong>^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01972:<\/strong> Y\u00fczy\u0131l\u0131n projesi olarak, Viyana’n\u0131n sel bask\u0131nlar\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 korunmas\u0131 ad\u0131na Neue Donau <\/strong>projesi uygulamaya kondu.<\/strong>\u00a0^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a05 Kas\u0131m 1978: <\/strong>Viyana yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Avusturya’n\u0131n ilk ve tek\u00a0n\u00fckleer santralinin<\/strong> kaderi\u00a0yap\u0131lan halk oylamas\u0131nda belirlendi. Yakla\u015f\u0131k 30.000 oyluk k\u0131l pay\u0131 bir fark nedeniyle santral hi\u00e7bir zaman faaliyete ge\u00e7irilmedi.\u00a0^{[24]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01978:<\/strong> \u0130lk metro hatt\u0131 olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip U1 metro hatt\u0131n\u0131n <\/strong>yap\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015fland\u0131.\u00a0<\/strong>^{[3]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01979:<\/strong> Vienna International Center<\/strong> a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. B\u00f6ylece Viyana, Birle\u015fmi\u015f Milletler’in \u00fc\u00e7\u00fcnc\u00fc merkez b\u00fcrosuna ev sahipli\u011fi yapmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a020 Kas\u0131m 1979:<\/strong>\u00a0\u015eehrin en b\u00fcy\u00fck ve ilk minareli camisi olma \u00f6zelli\u011fine sahip\u00a0Viyana Camii<\/strong>\u00a0(Islamisches Zentrum Wien) ibadete a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. 65.000.000 Schilling (4,72 milyon \u20ac) yap\u0131 maliyetinin b\u00fcy\u00fck k\u0131sm\u0131 Suudi Arabistan Devleti taraf\u0131ndan kar\u015f\u0131land\u0131.\u00a0^{[10]<\/sup><\/a><\/p>\n}
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
Viyana tarihi: Viyana’n\u0131n ilk ve tek minareli camisinin a\u00e7\u0131l\u0131\u015f t\u00f6reni, 1979. Kaynak: [13]<\/a><\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01981: <\/strong>Neue Donau projesi kapsam\u0131nda\u00a0Tuna Adas\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0(Donauinsel) bo\u015f zamanlar\u0131 de\u011ferlendirme ve dinlenme alan\u0131 olarak halk\u0131n hizmetine sunuldu.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01990’l\u0131 y\u0131llarda<\/strong> Bosna-Hersek’teki sava\u015ftan ka\u00e7an 90.000 m\u00fclteci Avusturya’ya s\u0131\u011f\u0131nd\u0131. Bunlardan 60.000’i Avusturya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Viyana<\/strong>‘ya yerle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a01991: <\/strong>Her iki devlet aras\u0131ndaki dostlu\u011fu simgelemesi ad\u0131na T\u00fcrkiye Cumhuriyeti’nin bir hediyesi olarak ad\u0131n\u0131, II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/span><\/span><\/a><\/strong> esnas\u0131nda burada bulunan Osmanl\u0131 siperlerinden alan T\u00fcrk Siperleri Park\u0131’na (T\u00fcrkenschanzpark) yapt\u0131r\u0131lan Yunus Emre \u00c7e\u015fmesi a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
T\u00fcrk Siperleri Park\u0131’nda bulunan Yunus Emre \u00c7e\u015fmesi. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, T\u00fcrkenschanzpark, Kas\u0131m 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a001.01.1995:\u00a0<\/strong>12.06.1994 tarihinde yap\u0131lan referandumun sonucu itibar\u0131yla Avusturya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Viyana<\/strong>, bir Avrupa Birli\u011fi (AB) \u00fclkesi ba\u015fkenti<\/strong>\u00a0stat\u00fcs\u00fcne sahip oldu.\u00a0[23]<\/a>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Viyana tarihi – 21. yy’da Viyana<\/span><\/h3>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a02002: <\/strong>Avusturya’n\u0131n para birimi Schilling tedav\u00fclden kalkt\u0131, <\/strong>yerini AB ortak para birimi Euro<\/strong>‘ya b\u0131rakt\u0131.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a02008:<\/strong>\u00a0Avusturya ve \u0130svi\u00e7re’nin ortakla\u015fa ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131klar\u0131 Avrupa Futbol \u015eampiyonas\u0131<\/strong> finali<\/strong> Viyana’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a02011:<\/strong>\u00a0Avusturya’n\u0131n son imparatoru ve Macaristan’\u0131n son kral\u0131n\u0131n en b\u00fcy\u00fck o\u011flu olan ve uzun y\u0131llar Avrupa Parlamentosu’nda g\u00f6rev yapan\u00a0Otto von Habsburg<\/strong> vefat etti ve Viyana’da Kapuzinergruft<\/strong>‘a defnedildi.<\/p>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a02015:<\/strong>\u00a0Conchita Wurst’un bir \u00f6nceki y\u0131l yar\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 kazanmas\u0131 sonucu Viyana,\u00a02015\u00a0Eurovision \u015eark\u0131 Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131<\/strong>‘na ev sahipli\u011fi yapt\u0131.<\/strong><\/p>\n
$\"Viyana$ <\/a>
2015 Eurovision \u015eark\u0131 Yar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 Viyana’da ger\u00e7ekle\u015fti. Kaynak: zimbio.com<\/p><\/div>\n
\u00a0<\/span><\/em>#\u00a0<\/span><\/span>\u00a02020:<\/strong>\u00a0Bir uluslararas\u0131 dan\u0131\u015fmanl\u0131k \u015firketi olan Merker\u2019in\u00a039 farkl\u0131 kriteri g\u00f6z \u00f6n\u00fcnde bulundurarak d\u00fcnyadaki b\u00fcy\u00fck \u015fehirler aras\u0131nda yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131rma sonucu ula\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131 bilgilere\u00a0dayanarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131 listede Viyana, onuncu (10.) kez arka arkaya\u00a0D\u00fcnyan\u0131n En Ya\u015fanabilir \u015eehri <\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>se\u00e7ildi.<\/p>\n
Kaynak\u00e7a<\/h1>\n
[1] Stadt Wien, MA 23: Wien in Zahlen.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 10.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.wien.gv.at\/statistik\/pdf\/wieninzahlen-2018.pdf<\/p>\n
[2]\u00a0 Stadt Wien: Viyana tarihi – Ba\u015flang\u0131\u00e7tan 1848 devrimine kadar<\/a>.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18. URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.wien.gv.at\/tr\/tarih\/1848ekadar.htm<\/p>\n
[3]\u00a0Stadt Wien: Viyana tarihi – 1848’den g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcze<\/a>.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18. URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.wien.gv.at\/tr\/tarih\/1848dengunumuze.htm<\/p>\n
[4] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Vindobona<\/a>.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:<\/p>\n
[5] Stadt Wien: Die R\u00f6mer in Wien – Stadtgeschichte Wiens<\/a>.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:<\/p>\n
[6] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Danubius.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18. URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Danubius<\/p>\n
[8] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Augustin Hirschvogel.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Augustin_Hirschvogel<\/p>\n
[9] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Stadtplan, Augustin Hirschvogel (1547).\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Stadtplan,_Augustin_Hirschvogel_(1547)<\/p>\n
[10] \u0130slam Ansiklopedisi: V\u0130YANA<\/a>. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/islamansiklopedisi.org.tr\/viyana<\/p>\n
[11] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Kelten.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Kelten<\/p>\n
[12] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Dreifaltigkeitss\u00e4ule.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Dreifaltigkeitss%C3%A4ule_(1)<\/p>\n
[13] Avusturya Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi: Bildarchiv Austria.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0http:\/\/www.bildarchivaustria.at<\/p>\n
[14] Recht und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter: Bildarchiv Austria.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.wien.gv.at\/kultur\/archiv\/geschichte\/ueberblick\/recht.html<\/p>\n
[15] Wiener Weltausstellung: Vorgeschichte.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0http:\/\/www.wiener-weltausstellung.at\/<\/p>\n
[16] G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Muratcan: Viyana Askeri Tarih M\u00fczesi. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/viyana-askeri-tarih-muzesi<\/p>\n
[17] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Schulpflicht.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Schulpflicht<\/p>\n
[18] G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Muratcan: Sch\u00f6nbrunn Saray\u0131. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 11.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/schonbrunn-sarayi<\/p>\n
[19]\u00a0 Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Recht und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter.\u00a0URL:\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.12.18.\u00a0https:\/\/www.wien.gv.at\/kultur\/archiv\/geschichte\/ueberblick\/recht.html<\/p>\n
[20] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Recht und Gesellschaft im Mittelalter.\u00a0URL:\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.12.18.\u00a0https:\/\/www.wien.gv.at\/kultur\/archiv\/geschichte\/ueberblick\/recht.html<\/p>\n
[21] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Vogelschau von Wien, Jakob Hoefnagel (1609).\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.12.18. URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Vogelschau_von_Wien,_Jakob_Hoefnagel_(1609)<\/p>\n
[22] G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Muratcan: Viyana \u00dcniversitesi. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/viyana-universitesi<\/p>\n
[23]\u00a0\u00d6sterreich. Zahlen. Daten. Fakten, \u015eubat 2017. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.statistik.at\/web_de\/services\/oesterreich_zahlen_daten_fakten\/index.html<\/p>\n
[24]\u00a030 Jahre Volksabstimmung Zwentendorf. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 14.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0http:\/\/oe1.orf.at\/artikel\/213810<\/p>\n
[25]\u00a0Die Geschichte des Stephansdoms. Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0http:\/\/www.stephansdom.at\/dom_geschichte.htm<\/p>\n
[26] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Johannes Deodat.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Johannes_Deodat<\/p>\n
[27] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Tiergarten Sch\u00f6nbrunn.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Tiergarten_Sch%C3%B6nbrunn<\/p>\n
[28] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Orientalische Akademie.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Orientalische_Akademie<\/p>\n
[29] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Wolferl und Nannerl am Wiener Hof.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.br-klassik.de\/themen\/klassik-entdecken\/wolfgang-nannerl-mozart-maria-theresia-schloss-schoenbrunn-was-heute-geschah-1762-100.html<\/p>\n
[30] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Ringstra\u00dfe.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Ringstra%C3%9Fe<\/p>\n
[31] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Erste Hochquellenleitung.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Erste_Hochquellenleitung<\/p>\n
[32] Stadt Wien, Wien Geschichte Wiki: Zweite Hochquellenleitung.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 15.12.18.\u00a0URL:\u00a0https:\/\/www.geschichtewiki.wien.gv.at\/Zweite_Hochquellenleitung<\/p>\n
[33] Wikipedia: Wien<\/a>.\u00a0Eri\u015fim tarihi: 16.12.18. URL:\u00a0https:\/\/de.wikipedia.org\/wiki\/Wien<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Di\u011fer ba\u011flant\u0131lar<\/strong><\/p>\n
Viyana tarihi ve k\u00fclt\u00fcr tarihine dair bir\u00e7ok antika kitap dijital olarak bu ba\u011flant\u0131da: Wienbibliothek digital<\/a>.<\/p>\n
Avusturya Ulusal K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi’nin (\u00d6sterreichische Nationalbibliothek) dijital foto\u011fraf ar\u015fivi:\u00a0 Bildarchiv Austria<\/a>.<\/p>\n
<\/p>\n
Avusturya’n\u0131n ba\u015fkenti Viyana tarihi – Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Aral\u0131k 2018.<\/strong><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Viyana tarihi\u00a0denince akla ilk etapta, hikayesi M\u00d6 400’lerde Kelterle ba\u015flay\u0131p, yakla\u015f\u0131k 500 y\u0131l sonra Romal\u0131larla devam eden, tarihe Kavimler G\u00f6\u00e7\u00fc olarak ge\u00e7en b\u00fcy\u00fck g\u00f6\u00e7 dalgas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda bir\u00e7ok farkl\u0131 milletin ge\u00e7ti\u011fi bu topraklar\u0131n hikayesi gelir. \u0130sminin k\u00f6kenleri Vindobona ve Venia ile ba\u011fda\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lan, Babenbergler ve Habsburglar\u0131n tarihine damga vurduklar\u0131, yakla\u015f\u0131k \u00fc\u00e7 as\u0131r \u00f6nce teslim alabilmek arzusuyla ikinci kez kap\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131 zorlayanlar\u0131n torunlar\u0131n\u0131n ekmek kap\u0131s\u0131na d\u00f6nen, Birinci Cihan Harbi’nin fitilini ate\u015fleyen o talihsiz karar\u0131n verildi\u011fi, \u0130kinci Cihan Harbi esnas\u0131nda yak\u0131l\u0131p y\u0131k\u0131ld\u0131ktan sonra yeniden yap\u0131land\u0131rma \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmalar\u0131 neticesinde stratejik ve bir ticaret merkezi olarak s\u00fcrekli de\u011fer kazanan\u00a0Avrupa’n\u0131n kalbindeki\u00a0Viyana \u015fehrinin tarihi elbetteki detayl\u0131ca ele al\u0131nmaya ve \u00f6\u011frenmeye <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7962,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":"","_links_to":"","_links_to_target":""},"categories":[201],"tags":[1131,1083],"yst_prominent_words":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4345"}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=4345"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/4345\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7962"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=4345"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=4345"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=4345"},{"taxonomy":"yst_prominent_words","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/yst_prominent_words?post=4345"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}