Bu yaz\u0131da;\u00a02. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 sebepleri<\/strong>,\u00a0\u0130kinci Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 Sadrazam\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, 12 Eyl\u00fcl 1683<\/strong> tarihinde Kahlenberg<\/strong>‘ten yap\u0131lan sald\u0131r\u0131yla \u015fekillenen II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 sonu\u00e7lar\u0131,\u00a0<\/strong>II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ve kahvenin hikayesi<\/strong>,\u00a02. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 <\/strong>esnas\u0131nda\u00a0Viyana Kalesi<\/strong>‘ne yap\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 la\u011f\u0131mc\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131 ve\u00a0Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 filmi\u00a0<\/strong>\u00fczerine bilgilerin yan\u0131 s\u0131ra, Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 hangi padi\u015fah zaman\u0131nda yap\u0131ld\u0131?<\/strong>,\u00a02. viyana ku\u015fatmas\u0131 neden ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131z oldu?<\/strong>, Kutsal \u0130ttifak nedir?<\/strong>, Osmanl\u0131 Viyana’da neden kaybetti?<\/strong> ve\u00a0Osmanl\u0131 Viyana’y\u0131 alsayd\u0131 ne olurdu?<\/strong> vb. sorulara cevap bulmaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015faca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n G\u00f6rsel: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Kas\u0131m 2018. Ay-Y\u0131ld\u0131z: \u00a9 Ali \u00c7i\u00e7ek.<\/p><\/div>\n 2. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong>, sebepleri bir yana, sonu\u00e7lar\u0131ndan kaynaklanabilen bir d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce yap\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n baz\u0131 etkilerini g\u00fcnl\u00fck ya\u015famlar\u0131nda hissedebilmelerinin m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olabilmesi nedeniyle \u00f6zelllikle de\u00a0Avusturyal\u0131 T\u00fcrkler<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan iyi idrak edilmesi gereken bir olayd\u0131r.<\/p>\n Bu nedenle II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131n sene-i devriyesi olan 12.09.20<\/strong> tarihinde payla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131m ve T\u00fcrk Tarih Kurumu taraf\u0131ndan bas\u0131lan\u00a0Cevat \u00dcst\u00fcn imzal\u0131 1683 Viyana Seferi<\/strong> ba\u015fl\u0131kl\u0131 kitap [1]<\/a>, T\u00fcrkiye Radyo Televizyon Kurumu’nun (TRT) haz\u0131rlam\u0131\u015f oldu\u011fu ve aralar\u0131nda \u0130lber Ortayl\u0131<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>‘n\u0131n da bulundu\u011fu akademisyenlerle yap\u0131lan s\u00f6yle\u015filerden olu\u015fan belgesel\u00a0[2]<\/a><\/span>\u00a0ve Avusturya Bilimler Akademisi’nin bir projesi olan T\u00fcrk Haf\u0131zas\u0131 (=T\u00fcrkenged\u00e4chtnis) isimli bilimsel bir projenin internet sayfas\u0131ndan [4]<\/a><\/span>\u00a0faydalanarak haz\u0131rlad\u0131\u011f\u0131m yaz\u0131y\u0131, ar\u015fivimden foto\u011fraflarla tamamlamaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131m.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n <\/p>\n\n Osmanl\u0131 Viyana<\/strong><\/a><\/span><\/span>‘y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irmek i\u00e7in bu \u015fehre iki sefer d\u00fczenlenmi\u015fti:<\/p>\n Bir binan\u0131n duvar\u0131nda sergilenen I. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ‘ndan kalma T\u00fcrk g\u00fclleleri. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Augustinstuben, Ekim 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n Bir binan\u0131n cephesinde as\u0131l\u0131 1683 II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131’ndan kalma T\u00fcrk g\u00fcllesi. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Am Hof, Ekim 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n Bu yaz\u0131m\u0131zda T\u00fcrklerin tarihte kurmu\u015f olduklar\u0131 bir imparatorluk olan Osmanl\u0131 i\u00e7in \u00e7ok daha m\u00fchim sonu\u00e7lar\u0131 olan 1683<\/strong>\u00a0II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131 ele alaca\u011f\u0131z.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>, mukaddes Roma-Cermen \u0130mparatorlu\u011funun bir par\u00e7as\u0131 ve bu imparatorlu\u011fun ba\u015f\u0131 idi.<\/p>\n At s\u0131rt\u0131nda \u0130mparator I. Leopold.\u00a0Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Viyana Askeri Tarih M\u00fczesi, Aral\u0131k 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Avusturya \u0130mparatoru I. Leopold, tahta ge\u00e7ti\u011fi g\u00fcnden beri Macarlar\u0131n istikl\u00e2lini ellerinden almak niyetindeydi. Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>‘n\u0131n siyasal faydas\u0131 bak\u0131m\u0131ndan Katolikli\u011fi yayma ad\u0131na Protestan Macaristan’a say\u0131s\u0131z cezvit papaz\u0131 g\u00f6ndermi\u015fti. Bir\u00e7ok haklar\u0131 ellerinden al\u0131nan Macarlar, tek \u00e7areyi \u015fiddete \u015fiddetle kar\u015f\u0131 koymakta buldular.<\/p>\n 1670 y\u0131l\u0131na gelindi\u011finde Macar milliyet\u00e7iler imparatora ba\u015fkald\u0131rd\u0131lar. \u0130mparator I. Leopold Protestanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 memleketten tamamen uzakla\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in bunu bir f\u0131rsat bildi ve isyana \u00f6n ayak olanlar yakalan\u0131larak Wiener Neustadt’ta idam edildiler. Protestan papazlar \u00fclkeden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131ld\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Yukar\u0131 Belvedere Saray\u0131 sanat koleksiyonlar\u0131 b\u00fcnyesinde bulunan Barok d\u00f6nemi portresinin alt\u0131na “Imre Graf T\u00f6k\u00f6lyi?” notu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Temmuz 2020<\/p><\/div>\n 1678’de ba\u015flar\u0131nda, babas\u0131n\u0131 Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00f6ld\u00fcrm\u00fc\u015f olduklar\u0131 gen\u00e7 bir Macar,\u00a0Kont Emeric T\u00f6k\u00f6ly (=Emmerich Th\u00f6k\u00f6ly) bulunan isyanc\u0131lar ayakland\u0131lar. Bunlar bir taraftan Fransa Kral\u0131 Louis XIV.<\/strong> ve di\u011fer taraftan da Leh Kral\u0131 Jan III. Sobieski<\/strong> taraf\u0131ndan desteklenmekteydiler.<\/p>\n 1679 Veba salg\u0131n\u0131 an\u0131s\u0131na yap\u0131lan ve Graben Caddesi’nde bulunan Veba An\u0131t\u0131.\u00a0Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Aral\u0131k 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n 1679’da ba\u015f g\u00f6steren Veba salg\u0131n\u0131 nedeniyle \u0130mparator I. Leopold \u015fehirden \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015f ve veban\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde \u015fehirden \u015fehire ka\u00e7maktayd\u0131. Y\u00fcksek r\u00fctbeli subaylar da hastal\u0131k nedeniyle bir yolunu bulup kendilerini g\u00f6revlerinden geri \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rt\u0131nca, ayaklanmalara kar\u015f\u0131 askeri \u00f6nlemler al\u0131nam\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Durum nedeniyle baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131 geri vererek onlar\u0131 yat\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak isteyen I. Leopold, Macarlar\u0131 \u00d6denburg’ta toplanmaya \u00e7a\u011f\u0131rd\u0131. T\u00f6k\u00f6ly \u015fahsi emniyeti nedeniyle gelmekten \u00e7ekindi ve isyanc\u0131lar\u0131n isteklerini belirten bir muht\u0131ra yollamakla yetindi. Sekiz ay s\u00fcren g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden Macarlara baz\u0131 haklar\u0131n\u0131n geri verilmesi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde karar \u00e7\u0131ksa da, T\u00f6k\u00f6ly yap\u0131lan teklifleri az bularak tekrar silaha sar\u0131ld\u0131. Osmanl\u0131’dan yard\u0131m istedi.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 d\u00f6neminde Budin, 1684.\u00a0Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, G\u00fcl Baba T\u00fcrbesi’nin m\u00fczesi, Buda, A\u011fustos 2020.<\/p><\/div>\n T\u00f6k\u00f6ly, Vali \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa ile g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fme yapmak \u00fczere Budin’e geldi. Temmuz 1682’de 14 maddeden olu\u015fan antla\u015fma sa\u011fland\u0131. Bu maddelerden baz\u0131lar\u0131; d\u00fc\u015fman sald\u0131r\u0131lar\u0131nda Macaristan’\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 taraf\u0131ndan korunaca\u011f\u0131, T\u00f6lk\u00f6ly’n\u00fcn \u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fcnden sonra Macar ulusunun ba\u015f\u0131na halk\u0131n se\u00e7ece\u011fi ama Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc\u011f\u00fc birinin olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcndeydi.<\/p>\n T\u00f6k\u00f6ly, kurultay toplayarak Macaristan’daki Katolik papazlar\u0131n 24 saat i\u00e7erisinde kiliseleri bo\u015faltmalar\u0131n\u0131 emrederek, \u0130mparatora ait mallara el koydu ve kendi ad\u0131na para bast\u0131rd\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130mparator I. Leopold’\u00fcn g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi el\u00e7i, Vasfar Bar\u0131\u015f\u0131<\/strong>‘n\u0131n yenilenmesi sebebiyle Osmanl\u0131 heyetiyle g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler y\u00fcr\u00fctt\u00fc. Osmanl\u0131, Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>‘dan her y\u0131l vergi vermesini ve baz\u0131 topraklar\u0131n T\u00f6k\u00f6ly’ye b\u0131rak\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131, Leopoldstadt ve Graz kalelerinin y\u0131k\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 isteyince ve di\u011fer g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmelerden de istenen sonu\u00e7 \u00e7\u0131kmay\u0131nca, Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong> el\u00e7isi Kont Caprara, \u0130mparatora g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubunda; “bar\u0131\u015f umutlar\u0131n\u0131n ortadan kalkt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve T\u00fcrklere kar\u015f\u0131 Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 korumak i\u00e7in k\u0131l\u0131ca sar\u0131lmaktan ba\u015fka yapacak bir \u015fey kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131” yazm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong> askeri bak\u0131mdan Osmanl\u0131 ile sava\u015fa haz\u0131r de\u011fildi ve bunun i\u00e7in di\u011fer devletlerle ittifak yapmak zorundayd\u0131. G\u00f6r\u00fc\u015fmeler sonunda Bavyera 11.000, Saksonya 11.400 askerlik birer ordu g\u00f6ndermeyi kabul ettiler. \u0130svi\u00e7re kendi topraklar\u0131nda asker toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 kabul etti. Hollanda’dan b\u00fcy\u00fck bir yard\u0131m elde edilmese de, Tuna Nehri<\/strong>‘nde kullan\u0131lmas\u0131 i\u00e7in k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir donanman\u0131n \u00fclkede yap\u0131lmas\u0131na m\u00fcsaade etti.\u00a0Venedik senatosu topraklar\u0131nda asker toplanmas\u0131n\u0131 ve Osmanl\u0131’ya kar\u015f\u0131 bir donanma haz\u0131rlayaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirse de, temkinli davranarak bu vaatlerini ancak Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n yenilgisi \u00fczerine 1684’te yerine getirmeye ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n Prens Eugen’in I. Viyana’da bulunan k\u0131\u015fl\u0131k saray\u0131nda Papa \u0130nnocent XI.’in b\u00fcst\u00fc.\u00a0Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Eyl\u00fcl 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Papa \u0130nnocent XI. 1.500.000 Gulden g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi gibi t\u00fcm Hristiyanl\u0131\u011f\u0131 yard\u0131ma te\u015fvik etmi\u015fti. \u0130spanya ve \u0130talya’dan da imparatora y\u00fckl\u00fc maddi destek gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong> i\u00e7in en \u00f6nemlisi ise Polonya ile yap\u0131lacak olan\u00a0ittifak idi. Bu antla\u015fman\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcndeki en b\u00fcy\u00fck engel, Polonya Kral\u0131 Jan III. Sobieski’nin 1679’da \u0130mparator I. Leopold’a ortakla\u015fa T\u00fcrklerin \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcme teklifini g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi el\u00e7isinin so\u011fuk kar\u015f\u0131lanmas\u0131 olmu\u015ftu. Avusturyal\u0131lar Jan III. Sobieski’nin el\u00e7isine, kral\u0131n\u0131n bu dostlu\u011funu \u00f6ncelikle T\u00fcrklerin daimi m\u00fcttefiki olan asi Macarlar\u0131 yola getirmesi i\u00e7in g\u00f6stermesi s\u00f6ylemi\u015flerdi. Buna k\u0131zan Leh\u00a0Kral\u0131\u00a0Jan III. Sobieski<\/strong> ise o g\u00fcnden bu yana T\u00f6k\u00f6ly’yi desteklemeyi tercih etmi\u015fti. Di\u011fer taraftan Fransa ve Polonya aras\u0131nda s\u0131k\u0131 m\u00fcnasebetler bulunmakta ve Fransa Kral\u0131 Louis XIV ve\u00a0 Jan III. Sobieski \u0130mparator I. Leopold’e kar\u015f\u0131 ortak politikalar y\u00fcr\u00fctmekteydiler.<\/p>\n Bir seccade ve \u00fczerinde as\u0131l\u0131 II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ‘na kat\u0131lan \u00fclkelerin sancaklar\u0131. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Viyana Askeri Tarih M\u00fczesi, Eyl\u00fcl 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Papa \u0130nnocent XI. ise Var\u015fova’daki el\u00e7isi vas\u0131tas\u0131yla s\u00fcrekli olarak iki Katolik devlet olan Polonya ve Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>‘y\u0131 \u0130slam’a kar\u015f\u0131 birle\u015ftirme \u00e7abas\u0131 i\u00e7erisindeydi.<\/p>\n Lehr Kral\u0131 III. Jan Sobieski.\u00a0Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Prens Eugen’in K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Saray\u0131 (Winterpalais), Eyl\u00fcl 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Polonya Kral\u0131 Jan III. Sobieski’nin <\/strong>gururu ve \u00fcn h\u0131rs\u0131 ile bilinen kar\u0131s\u0131 Maria Kazimira<\/strong>, Fransa Kral\u0131 Lois XIV’e kar\u015f\u0131 \u015fahsi bir d\u00fc\u015fmanl\u0131k g\u00fctmekteydi. Kar\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n tesiriyle, isteksizli\u011fine ra\u011fmen\u00a0Sobieski Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>‘dan yana saf tuttu. Avusturya \u0130mparatoru I. Leopold tez elden Polon Kral\u0131 Sobietsky ile antla\u015fmay\u0131 sa\u011flayabilmek i\u00e7in Avusturya\u00a0ar\u015fid\u00fc\u015feslerinden birini Leh Kral\u0131’n\u0131n o\u011fluna vererek Polonya taht\u0131n\u0131n Sobieski ailesinin elinden \u00e7\u0131kmamas\u0131na \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmay\u0131 vadetti.<\/p>\n Laxenburg \u015eatosu, A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Avusturya (Nieder\u00f6sterreich). Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, May\u0131s 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n \u0130mparator I. Leopold, Avusturya ve Polonya aras\u0131ndaki antla\u015fmay\u0131 May\u0131s ay\u0131n\u0131n ikinci g\u00fcn\u00fc Viyana yak\u0131nlar\u0131nda bulunan Laxenburg \u015eatosu<\/strong>‘nda tasdik etti.<\/p>\n Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen (Charles de Lorraine). G\u00f6rsel: \u00a9 Wien Geschichte Wiki.<\/p><\/div>\n Leopold, Avusturya Ordusu’nun ba\u015fkumandan\u0131 olarak ise b\u00fct\u00fcn varl\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 mesle\u011fine vermi\u015f ve Avrupa’n\u0131n en tan\u0131nm\u0131\u015f harp adamlar\u0131ndan biri olan eni\u015ftesi Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen<\/strong>‘i (Charles de Lorraine) tayin etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n <\/p>\n I. Leopold bug\u00fcn Avusturya<\/a><\/span><\/span><\/strong>-Macaristan s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131nda bulunan Kittsee’de ordusuna bir ge\u00e7it alay\u0131 yaparak kumandanlar\u0131yla Osmanl\u0131 Ordular\u0131n\u0131n Macar topraklar\u0131na yay\u0131lmadan ne gibi askeri tedbirler alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 isti\u015fare etti. Bu isti\u015fareden d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 beklemeden hemen taarruza ge\u00e7me karar\u0131 \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131.<\/p>\n Avusturya Ordusu’nun \u00f6n\u00fcnde iki Osmanl\u0131 kalesi vard\u0131, bunlardan ilki Neuh\u00e4usl, ikincisi ise Gran (Esztergom) Kalesi idi. Avusturya Ordusu Neuh\u00e4usl kalesine sald\u0131rmay\u0131 tercih etti. \u0130lk h\u00fccumda \u00e7ok zaiyat vererek geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fcler. Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen \u00e7ekilerek Tuna \u00fczerine d\u00f6nmeyi ve orduyu savunma hatt\u0131 olarak se\u00e7ilmi\u015f bulunan Waag ve Raab nehirleri aras\u0131ndaki arazide toplamay\u0131 uygun g\u00f6rd\u00fc.<\/p>\n Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00e7izimiyle Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa portresi. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Prater M\u00fczesi, Ocak 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa<\/strong>\u00a0vakit kaybetmeden Viyana<\/strong> \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmek istese de, etraf\u0131ndakiler evvela civar kaleleri birer birer ele ge\u00e7irip daha sonra Viyana<\/strong>‘ya y\u00fcr\u00fcmenin daha do\u011fru olaca\u011f\u0131 fikrini savundular. Tarih\u00e7iler, sonu bozgunla biten bu Viyana’ya y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015f te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fcn\u00fc Merzifonlu\u00a0Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa<\/strong>‘n\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncesizli\u011fine ve kabiliyetsizli\u011fine vererek O’nu kusurlu bulmaktalar. Baz\u0131 tarafs\u0131z yabanc\u0131 tarih\u00e7iler ise Avusturya’n\u0131n i\u00e7inde bulundu\u011fu kar\u0131\u015f\u0131k ve zay\u0131f durumu nedeniyle bu y\u00fcr\u00fcy\u00fc\u015fte ba\u015far\u0131 elde etmeme ihtimalinin \u00e7ok y\u00fcksek oldu\u011fu tezini savunmaktad\u0131rlar.<\/p>\n Bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Macaristan s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde, Avusturya s\u0131n\u0131r\u0131na yak\u0131n bir b\u00f6lgede bulunan K\u00f6rmend’de, Avusturya Ordusunun sa\u011f kanad\u0131n\u0131 koruyan Alman ve Macar askerlerine Batthyani’ler kumanda ediyorlard\u0131. Batthyani’ler Belgrad’da Osmanl\u0131’ya sadakat arz ettiler ve Nureddin Giray’\u0131n kumanda etti\u011fi 20.000 Tatar ak\u0131nc\u0131s\u0131n\u0131n yakla\u015ft\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6r\u00fcnce Macarlar\u0131 Almanlara sald\u0131rtarak onlar\u0131 esir ettiler.<\/p>\n Bu olay Avusturya Ordusu’nu zor duruma sokarak, Osmanl\u0131’ya Neusiedl G\u00f6l\u00fc’ne (=Neusiedler See) kadar olan topraklar\u0131 a\u00e7m\u0131\u015f oldu. Tatarlar, K\u00f6szeg ve \u00d6denburg (Macarca: Sopron) aras\u0131ndaki alana yay\u0131larak etraf\u0131 tahribe koyularak, k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck b\u00fcy\u00fck y\u00fcz kasabay\u0131 yakt\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Waag ve Raab nehirleri aras\u0131ndaki arazide bulunan Avusturya Ordusu’nun yan ve gerileri ate\u015f i\u00e7erisinde kal\u0131nca, ba\u015f kumandan ayn\u0131 gece ordusunu K\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck Sch\u00fctt Adas\u0131’n\u0131n gerisine \u00e7ekerek suyun himayesi alt\u0131nda Presburg ve Marchfeld yolu \u00fczerinden Viyana’ya d\u00f6nmeleri emrini verdi. Ba\u015fkumandan yan\u0131nda kalan ve s\u00fcvarilerden olu\u015fan birlikleriyle kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 Kittsee’ye naklederek orada iki g\u00fcn kald\u0131.<\/p>\n Solda: Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa, sa\u011fda: Leh Kral\u0131 Jan III. Sobieski portresi. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Prens Eugen K\u0131\u015fl\u0131k Saray\u0131 (Winterpalais), Viyana, Eyl\u00fcl 2017<\/p><\/div>\n Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa<\/strong>, ordusunu b\u00fct\u00fcn kuvvetiyle d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 takip i\u00e7in pe\u015flerine takmak yerine \u00f6nemli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 yedi g\u00fcn boyunca Raab Nehri’nin beri taraf\u0131nda al\u0131koyarak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n elden ka\u00e7mas\u0131na ve Viyana’ya var\u0131p m\u00fcdafaa hatt\u0131 kurmas\u0131na sebep oldu. \u0130lk ba\u015flarda serice Viyana’ya y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek bask\u0131nla alaca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 s\u00f6yleyen Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n Raab Nehri’ni a\u015fmada g\u00f6sterdi\u011fi bu a\u011f\u0131rl\u0131\u011f\u0131, Kittsee’de iki g\u00fcn ge\u00e7iren d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n elinden ka\u00e7mas\u0131na meydan verdi. (S52)<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131\u00a0Viyana’ya \u00e7ekilen Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine Hainburg an der Donau<\/strong> ve Petronell<\/strong> aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede taarruzda bulundular. Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline d\u00fc\u015fmekten \u00e7ekinen ba\u015fkumandan geriye \u00e7ekilmek i\u00e7in emir verdi. Petronell’in biraz ilerisinde Regelsbrunn<\/strong> ad\u0131ndaki kasabada birden ormanlar\u0131n aras\u0131ndan \u00e7\u0131kan birka\u00e7 y\u00fcz Tatar morali bir hayli bozulmu\u015f olan bir k\u0131tan\u0131n da\u011f\u0131lmas\u0131na yetmi\u015fti bile.<\/p>\n Ya\u011fmaya koyulan ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n arkadan gelen bir destekleri olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 fark eden ve askerlerini toplayan komutan ‘Avusturya Ordusunun \u015ferefini korumak’ i\u00e7in son g\u00fcc\u00fcyle ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n \u00fczerine h\u00fccum ederek onlar\u0131 ka\u00e7\u0131rd\u0131. Bu \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmada Tatarlardan \u00e7ok Avusturyal\u0131 \u00f6lm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Habsburg saflar\u0131nda sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131n\u0131 T\u00fcrklere dar eden Savoy Prensi Eugen. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Belvedere Saray\u0131, Eyl\u00fcl 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n \u00d6lenler aras\u0131nda sonradan Osmanl\u0131-Avusturya sava\u015flar\u0131nda \u00fcn\u00fcne \u00fcn katacak, II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong> esnas\u0131nda k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir b\u00f6l\u00fc\u011fe komutanl\u0131k yapan\u00a0Savoy Prensi Eugen<\/strong>‘in at alt\u0131nda kalarak ezilen ve daha sonra Viyana’da can verecek karde\u015fi de bulunmaktayd\u0131.<\/p>\n Bu da ilginizi \u00e7ekebilir<\/span> T\u00fcrklere sava\u015f meydanlar\u0131nda yenilgiler ya\u015fatan Prens Eugen’in yazl\u0131k saray\u0131:\u00a0<\/p>\n \u201eBelvedere Saray\u0131<\/span><\/a>\u201c<\/strong><\/p>\n Ordudan ka\u00e7an askerlerin Regelsbrunn \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmas\u0131 haberini yeti\u015ftirdikleri halk\u0131n morali iyicene bozulmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n \u0130mparator I. Leopold Viyana’dan ka\u00e7mak istiyor, \u00e7evresindekiler ise halk\u0131n iyicene umudunu kaybedece\u011fi gerek\u00e7esiyle onu bu karar\u0131ndan vaz ge\u00e7irmeye \u00e7al\u0131\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131. Regelsbrunn hadisesini \u00f6\u011frenen \u0130mparator, 7 Temmuz 1683 tarihinde ak\u015fam saat sekizde ailesiyle beraber ahalinin tehdit ve hakaretleri aras\u0131nda Viyana’dan \u00e7\u0131km\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u0130mparatorla beraber \u015fehirden \u00e7\u0131kanlar aras\u0131nda el\u00e7iler ve burjuvalar bulunan 60.000 ki\u015fi de vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Halk bu felaketten Macaristan’da Katolikli\u011fi yaymaya \u00e7al\u0131\u015farak harbe yol a\u00e7an Cezvitleri mesul tutuyor, firare kalk\u0131\u015fanlar\u0131 \u00f6ld\u00fcr\u00fcyor ya da d\u00f6verek a\u00e7 b\u0131rak\u0131yorlard\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130mparator I. Leopold.\u00a0Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f,\u00a0 Belvedere Saray\u0131, Temmuz 2020.<\/p><\/div>\n \u0130mparator I. Leopold’a kar\u015f\u0131 kin ba\u011flayan halk, Viyana’n\u0131n yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131ndaki k\u00fc\u00e7\u00fck bir \u015fehirde bulunan Leopold ve \u00e7ocuklar\u0131 i\u00e7in tek bir yumurta dahi vermiyordu. Tahta \u00e7anaklarda yemek yiyen ve samanlar \u00fczerinde uyuyan bir imparatordu art\u0131k, I. Leopold.<\/p>\n Linz’e gitmekte olan I. Leopold, hazinenin ve Pressburg’dan getirtilen eski Macar tac\u0131n\u0131n ka\u00e7\u0131r\u0131lmakta oldu\u011funu haber alan Tatar ak\u0131nc\u0131lar\u0131n, imparatorun e\u015fyalar\u0131n\u0131 ta\u015f\u0131yan arabalara sald\u0131rmas\u0131yla bug\u00fcnk\u00fc Almanya s\u0131n\u0131rlar\u0131 i\u00e7erisinde bulunan Passau’ya ka\u00e7t\u0131. \u00d6ld\u00fcr\u00fclmekten korktu\u011fundan, yaln\u0131z seyahat ediyor, takip edece\u011fi yolu kimseye haber vermiyor ve Tuna’n\u0131n k\u00e2h bir taraf\u0131nda k\u00e2h di\u011fer taraf\u0131nda geceliyordu.<\/p>\n Viyana’y\u0131 koruyan g\u00f6n\u00fcll\u00fclerin komutan\u0131 Ernst R\u00fcdiger von Starhemberg. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f,\u00a0 Viyana \u015eehir M\u00fczesi, Ekim 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n \u0130mparator I. Leopold Viyana’n\u0131n m\u00fcdafas\u0131 i\u00e7in Kont Ernst R\u00fcdiger von Starhemberg<\/strong>‘i g\u00f6revlendirmi\u015fti. Viyana Belediye Binas\u0131’n\u0131n \u00f6n\u00fcnde halka seslenen Starhemberg, halk\u0131 \u00fclkelerine kar\u015f\u0131 olan vazifelerini yerine getirmeye davet etti. \u0130mparatorun \u015fehri terk etmesi morallerini bozan halk, yard\u0131m etmeye yana\u015fm\u0131yordu. Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131\u00a0Johann Andreas von Liebenberg<\/strong>‘in bizzat el arabas\u0131yla kale \u00f6n\u00fcne toprak ta\u015f\u0131mas\u0131 da bir i\u015fe yaramam\u0131\u015f, korkan halk yard\u0131mdan ka\u00e7\u0131nm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Viyana Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 olarak g\u00f6rev yapan Johann Andreas von Liebenberg’in resmi. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Viyana \u015eehir M\u00fczesi, Kas\u0131m 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Johann Andreas von Liebenberg An\u0131t\u0131. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Ring Bulvar\u0131, Viyana, 2011.<\/p><\/div>\n Johann Andreas von Liebenberg<\/strong>, II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong> esnas\u0131nda \u015fehrin Belediye ba\u015fkan\u0131<\/strong> olarak g\u00f6rev yapt\u0131 ve ku\u015fatman\u0131n nihayete erdi\u011fi 12 Eyl\u00fcl’den sadece birka\u00e7 g\u00fcn \u00f6nce yakaland\u0131\u011f\u0131 hastal\u0131k sonucu vefat etti. Viyana’n\u0131n g\u00f6rkemli Ring Bulvar\u0131<\/strong> \u00fczerinde,\u00a0Viyana \u00dcniversitesi<\/strong><\/a><\/span>‘nin hemen kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, an\u0131s\u0131na yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Liebenberg An\u0131t\u0131<\/strong>\u00a0bulunmaktad\u0131r.\u00a0<\/div><\/p>\n \u015eiddet uygulamaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7aresi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlayan Starhemberg, idam sehpalar\u0131 kurdurtarak, \u00e7al\u0131\u015fmak istemeyenleri ve k\u00f6t\u00fc havadis yayanlar\u0131 idam edece\u011fini duyurunca, \u00e7al\u0131\u015ft\u0131rmak i\u00e7in be\u015f y\u00fcz ki\u015fi bulabilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n a\u011f\u0131r hareket etmesi Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131n i\u015fine yaram\u0131\u015f, 7 Temmuz 1683’te kalede on top yerle\u015ftirebilecek yer yokken, 13 Temmuz’da \u00fc\u00e7 y\u00fcze yak\u0131n top yerle\u015ftirmek i\u00e7in yer haz\u0131rlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. 14 Temmuz’da haz\u0131rl\u0131klar neredeyse tamamlanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. \u015eehre 40 g\u00fcn yetecek erzak malzemesi ta\u015f\u0131nm\u0131\u015f, Tuna Nehri \u00fczerinden, Krems an der Donau’dan 3 gemi cephane daha gelmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Starhemberg 11.000 askerden olu\u015fan garnizonu b\u00f6lerek olu\u015fturdu\u011fu iki f\u0131rkan\u0131n biri bir g\u00fcn, di\u011feri ise ertesi g\u00fcn vazife g\u00f6recekti.<\/p>\n Gerek kale i\u00e7inde, gerekse kale d\u0131\u015f\u0131nda mevzi alan Avusturyal\u0131lar Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131 beklemeye ba\u015flad\u0131lar. Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n s\u0131\u011f\u0131nacak bir yer, siper yapacak malzeme bulamamas\u0131 maksad\u0131yla \u015fehrin d\u0131\u015f mahallelerini 1529 I. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131’nda da oldu\u011fu \u00fczere 13 Temmuz 1683 tarihinde ate\u015fe verdiler.<\/p>\n II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 esnas\u0131nda Avusturyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan barut dephosu olarak kullan\u0131lan bina. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f,\u00a0B\u00fcrgerliches Zeughaus, Am Hof, Viyana Ekim 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n Ate\u015fe verilen varo\u015flardan s\u0131\u00e7rayan birka\u00e7 k\u0131v\u0131lc\u0131m Schottentor<\/strong> civar\u0131ndaki binalardan biri \u00fczerine d\u00fc\u015ferek yang\u0131n \u00e7\u0131karm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ate\u015f b\u00fcy\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f ve \u00fc\u00e7 soylunun saray\u0131 yanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. As\u0131l sorun ise bu saraylar\u0131n yak\u0131n\u0131nda, i\u00e7erisinde silah ve 1.800 ton barut bulunan depoydu. Yang\u0131n\u0131n m\u00fchimmat deposuna ula\u015fmas\u0131 b\u00fcy\u00fck bir patlamaya meydan verebilir ve hatta kale duvarlar\u0131 ve bur\u00e7lara zarar verebilirdi.<\/p>\n \u015eehir komutan\u0131n\u0131n ye\u011feni 26 ya\u015f\u0131ndaki Y\u00fczba\u015f\u0131 Guido Starhemberg<\/strong> tehlikeyi \u00f6nlemi\u015fti. Belediye Ba\u015fkan\u0131 Johann Andreas von Liebenberg<\/strong>‘le beraber ald\u0131klar\u0131 tedbirler sonucunda yang\u0131n cephane deposuna 40 ad\u0131m mesafede s\u00f6nd\u00fcr\u00fclm\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n Schwechat \u00fczerinden gelen Osmanl\u0131 Ordusu, Pullendorf, Inzersdorf ve Laa’y\u0131 ele ge\u00e7irdikten sonra 14 Temmuz 1683 \u00c7ar\u015famba<\/strong> g\u00fcn\u00fc Viyana<\/strong> \u00f6nlerinde g\u00f6r\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131’nda Sadrazam\u0131n \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n\u0131 yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na kurdurdu\u011fu ve Osmanl\u0131 askerlerinin \u00e7an kulesin g\u00f6zetleme merkezi olarak kulland\u0131klar\u0131 St. Ulrich Kilisesi. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f,\u00a0Kas\u0131m 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n Sadrazam kararg\u00e2h\u0131n\u0131 Viyana’n\u0131n bat\u0131 taraf\u0131nda Burg ve L\u00f6wel bastiyonlar\u0131 (bur\u00e7lar\u0131) kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda, kaleye 750 metre mesafede St. Ulrich kilisesinin yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131na kurdurdu. Kilise yukar\u0131da da bahsetti\u011fimiz \u00fczere bir g\u00fcn evvel Avusturyal\u0131lar taraf\u0131ndan ate\u015fe verilmi\u015fti ama ta\u015ftan yap\u0131lan iskeleti harap olmam\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Kilisenin \u00e7an kulesi Osmanl\u0131 askerleri taraf\u0131ndan ara s\u0131ra g\u00f6zetleme maksad\u0131yla kullan\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Viyana \u015eehir M\u00fczesi’nde bulunan bu g\u00f6rselin alt\u0131na, g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz Viyana’s\u0131n\u0131n 15. b\u00f6lgesinde (15. Bezirk) bulunan “Schmelz” ismindeki yere kurulan ve Sadrazam\u0131n ku\u015fatman\u0131n ba\u015flat\u0131lmas\u0131na dair emri verdi\u011fi \u00e7ad\u0131r\u0131n bir tasviri oldu\u011fu notu d\u00fc\u015f\u00fclm\u00fc\u015f. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Kas\u0131m 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n Toplar, bug\u00fcn Viyana Belediye Binas\u0131’n\u0131n (Wiener Rathaus) arka taraf\u0131nda uzanan siperlere, kar\u015f\u0131lar\u0131ndaki tabyalara 450-500 metre mesafeye yerle\u015ftirilmi\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n Tarih\u00e7iler T\u00fcrklerin bir kez daha ayn\u0131 hataya d\u00fc\u015ferek, kalenin en kuvvetli k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131n\u00a0hedef olarak se\u00e7ti\u011fi y\u00f6n\u00fcnde g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015f bildirmektedirler.\u00a0I. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong>‘nda Kanuni Sultan S\u00fcleyman<\/strong> taarruz i\u00e7in II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/strong>‘nda Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa<\/strong>‘n\u0131n se\u00e7ti\u011fi sahan\u0131n hemen yan\u0131 ba\u015f\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7mi\u015fti ve bunun bir sebebi vard\u0131.<\/p>\n Viyana’n\u0131n kuzey k\u0131sm\u0131, Tuna Nehri’nin ana yata\u011f\u0131 ve Tuna Kanal\u0131 (Donaukanal) aras\u0131ndaki -g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fcz itibar\u0131yla tek bir par\u00e7a olan- b\u00f6lge bir\u00e7ok adadan olu\u015fmakta ve \u015fehirden ayr\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Buradan taaruz edebilmek i\u00e7in nehri ge\u00e7mek ve su ile kale duvarlar\u0131 aras\u0131nda bir ok at\u0131m\u0131 geni\u015fli\u011fe sahip bir alandan as\u0131l \u015fehre (kale duvarlar\u0131n\u0131n \u00e7evreledi\u011fi k\u0131s\u0131m) girmek gerekiyor ve bu askerlerin kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n eline d\u00fc\u015fmesi anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n Viyana’n\u0131n do\u011fu taraf\u0131 ise bug\u00fcn \u015eehir Park\u0131’n\u0131n i\u00e7inden ge\u00e7en ve Karlsplatz taraf\u0131nda ise bir k\u0131sm\u0131 yer alt\u0131nda bulunan Wiener Fluss ile \u00e7evrilmi\u015fti. Schottentor taraf\u0131 ise batakl\u0131k bir alandan ibaretti. Kaleyi alabilmek i\u00e7in en \u00e7ok g\u00fcvenilen ‘la\u011f\u0131m’ denilen t\u00fcnellerden kazmak gerekli oldu\u011fundan, batakl\u0131k bir arazide bu m\u00fcmk\u00fcn olmayacakt\u0131. Gerekli t\u00fcnelleri kazabilmek i\u00e7in zemini daha m\u00fcsait olan Viyana’n\u0131n g\u00fcney ve bat\u0131 taraflar\u0131n\u0131 se\u00e7meye y\u00f6nlendirmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa taarruza ba\u015flamadan \u015eehir Komutan\u0131 Starhemberg’e Latince terc\u00fcmesiyle birlikte \u015fehrin teslimini, \u0130slam’\u0131n kab\u00fcl\u00fcn\u00fc ve aksi halde yap\u0131lacaklar\u0131 i\u00e7eren bir mektup g\u00f6ndererek \u015fehri teslim etmesini istedi. Bu mektubun orjinali bug\u00fcn Hamburg K\u00fct\u00fcphanesi<\/strong>‘nde bulunmaktad\u0131r.<\/p>\n Starhemberg mektubu cevaps\u0131z b\u0131rakt\u0131. 15 Temmuz ak\u015fam\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 toplar\u0131 Burg ve L\u00f6wel bastiyonlar\u0131n\u0131 d\u00f6vmeye ba\u015flad\u0131. \u0130lk bombard\u0131man\u0131 takiben yap\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 h\u00fccumu geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fcld\u00fc.<\/p>\n Yan\u0131nda 8-10 bin kadar s\u00fcvari kalan Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen Taborau \u00fczerine yap\u0131lan Osmanl\u0131 sald\u0131r\u0131s\u0131na kar\u015f\u0131 koyamay\u0131nca 16 Temmuz’da buray\u0131 bo\u015faltarak Tabor k\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc \u00fczerinden Tuna’y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek k\u00f6pr\u00fcy\u00fc yakt\u0131rd\u0131. Bosna Beylerbeyi H\u0131z\u0131r Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n kuvvetleri Tuna adalar\u0131n\u0131 i\u015fgal edince, Viyana’y\u0131 ku\u015fatan \u00e7ember 16 Temmuz 1683 g\u00fcn\u00fc tamamen kapanm\u0131\u015f oldu.<\/p>\n S79: 16 Temmuz’da Tuna’n\u0131n sol k\u0131y\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7erek Jadlesee’de yerle\u015fen Avusturya ordusunun Viyana’y\u0131 saran ordusu i\u00e7in bir tehlike oldu\u011funu anlayan Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa, T\u00f6k\u00f6ly’ye Avusturyal\u0131lara taarruz etmek i\u00e7in emir g\u00f6nderdi. Ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri harbe yana\u015fmayan ve i\u015fine geleni yapan T\u00f6k\u00f6ly, bu defa sadrazam\u0131n emrine itaatten ba\u015fka yapacak bir \u015feyi kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlay\u0131nca, Pressburg \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc. Bu \u015fehrin Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline ge\u00e7mesinden \u00e7ekinen Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen de t\u00fcm kuvvetleriyle Pressburg’a y\u00fcr\u00fcd\u00fc.<\/p>\n \u0130lk Osmanl\u0131 la\u011f\u0131mlar\u0131 23 Temmuz’da Burgbastei ve L\u00f6welbasteri kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na d\u00fc\u015fen k\u0131s\u0131mlarda, 25 Temmuz’da ise Ravelin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda patlad\u0131. Osmal\u0131 askerleri her defas\u0131nda h\u00fccuma kalksa da, canla ba\u015fla m\u00fccadele eden Avusturyal\u0131lar ge\u00e7it vermiyorlard\u0131. \u0130lk f\u0131rsatta la\u011f\u0131mlar\u0131n a\u00e7t\u0131lar\u0131 gedikleri kapat\u0131yor ve kar\u015f\u0131 koyuyorlard\u0131. Savunma tertibat\u0131n\u0131n birinci hatt\u0131 ilk la\u011f\u0131m\u0131n patlamas\u0131ndan ancak iki hafta sonra d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcrebilmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Temmuz sonuna do\u011fru \u015fehirde her g\u00fcn y\u00fczlerce insan\u0131n can\u0131na mal olan dizanteri patlak verdi. 25 Temmuz’da kolundan yaralanan \u015fehir komutan\u0131 Starhemberg bir de dizanteriye yakaland\u0131.<\/p>\n Bir di\u011fer sorun ise \u015fehirdeki erzak stoklar\u0131n\u0131n t\u00fckeniyor olmas\u0131yd\u0131. Fiyatlar\u0131n artmas\u0131na m\u00e2ni olamayan belediye, pazar g\u00fcnleri kiliselerde askerlere kar\u015f\u0131 vurgunculuk yap\u0131lmamas\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde vaizler verdirmekten ba\u015fka \u00e7are bulamad\u0131.<\/p>\n S79: 29 Temmuz’da Pressburg’ta kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya gelen Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen emrindeki Avusturya ordusu ile E\u011fri (Erlau) Beylerbeyi K\u00f6r H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa kumandas\u0131ndaki 6.000 ki\u015filik kuvvetle T\u00f6k\u00f6ly kar\u015f\u0131 kar\u015f\u0131ya geldiler. T\u00f6k\u00f6ly, kendi askerlerinin kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n saflar\u0131na ge\u00e7ece\u011finden korktu\u011funu s\u00f6yleyerek harbe girmekten \u00e7ekinerek K\u00f6r H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 orada d\u00fc\u015fman kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda yaln\u0131z b\u0131rakt\u0131. A\u011f\u0131r telef vererek geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kalan H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa ise T\u00f6k\u00f6ly’nin Devleti Aliyye’ye ihanetlerinden bahsederek 10.000 ki\u015filik yard\u0131mc\u0131 kuvvet g\u00f6nderilmesini s\u00f6yledi. H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa ayn\u0131 zamanda m\u00fcttefiklerin toplanmakta oldu\u011funu ve Lehlerin (Polonlar\u0131n) geldiklerinin haberini ald\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 bildirdi.<\/p>\n Osmanl\u0131 k\u0131yafetlerinde Avusturya ad\u0131na ajanl\u0131k yapan Georg Franz Koltschitzky. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Viyana \u015eehir M\u00fczesi, Kas\u0131m 2017.<\/p><\/div>\n S73: 12 A\u011fustos’ta Burgravelin’in alt\u0131nda ilk la\u011f\u0131m\u0131n patlamas\u0131yla vaziyeti Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen’e bildirmesi i\u00e7in para kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda haberci arand\u0131. Daha \u00f6nceleri \u015eark Ticaret Kumpanyas\u0131’nda terc\u00fcmanl\u0131k etmi\u015f olan ve T\u00fcrk\u00e7e’yi \u00e7ok iyi bilen Georg Franz Kolschitzky<\/strong> ad\u0131nda biri bu vazifeyi kabul etti. T\u00fcrk askeri k\u0131yafetine giren Kolschitzky yan\u0131na ald\u0131\u011f\u0131 Michailovitsch ad\u0131ndaki u\u015fa\u011f\u0131yla beraber Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen’in March Nehri kenar\u0131nda, Angern ve Stillfried mevkileri aras\u0131nda bulunan kararg\u00e2h\u0131na gitti.<\/p>\n Ba\u015fkumandan\u0131n yard\u0131mc\u0131 kuvvetlerin birka\u00e7 g\u00fcne \u015fehirde olaca\u011f\u0131 cevab\u0131yla geri d\u00f6nen Kolschitzky, bu hizmetinin kar\u015f\u0131l\u0131\u011f\u0131nda para, Viyana’da bir ev ve vatanda\u015fl\u0131k hakk\u0131 kazand\u0131. 1 Eyl\u00fcl’de tekrar haber g\u00f6t\u00fcrmek \u00fczere yola \u00e7\u0131kan Michailovitsch ise bir daha geri d\u00f6nmedi ve daha sonra Osmanl\u0131lar\u0131n eline d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc anla\u015f\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n S82: 40.000 askerle gelece\u011fini taahh\u00fct eden Sobiesky, 22 A\u011fustos’ta emrindeki 20.000 askerle yola \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131. Polonya kral\u0131n\u0131n D\u00fcrnholz’a geldi\u011fini haber alan Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen, 31 A\u011fustos’ta kendisini kar\u015f\u0131lamak i\u00e7in Hollabrunn’a gitti.<\/p>\n S80: Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen’\u0131n her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn daha fazla tehlike arz eden ordusunu ortadan kald\u0131rmak isteyen Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa daha \u00f6nce nehrin kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131na ge\u00e7tikten sonra V. Karl’\u0131n y\u0131kt\u0131rd\u0131\u011f\u0131 k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn ayaklar\u0131 \u00fczerine yeni bir k\u00f6pr\u00fc giri\u015fiminde bulunmak istese de, kar\u015f\u0131 taraf top at\u0131\u015flar\u0131yla bu te\u015febb\u00fcs\u00fc ba\u015far\u0131s\u0131zl\u0131\u011fa u\u011fratm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Bu durum g\u00f6stermi\u015fti ki, k\u00f6pr\u00fcn\u00fcn tekrar kurulabilmesi i\u00e7in kar\u015f\u0131 taraf\u0131n Osmanl\u0131 eline ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyordu.<\/p>\n Bu nedenle II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 Sadrazam\u0131 Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa<\/strong> K\u00f6r H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa’ya Alp Gira idaresinde on bin asker g\u00f6ndererek, kendisine T\u00f6k\u00f6ly’nin de yard\u0131m\u0131yla Morava suyunu a\u015f\u0131p Avusturyal\u0131lar\u0131 ortadan kald\u0131rarak Tabor K\u00f6pr\u00fcs\u00fc’n\u00fc yeniden in\u015fa etme emrini vermi\u015fti. B\u00f6ylece Leh ordusunun yolunu kesmeyi ve Avusturyal\u0131larla birle\u015fmesine engel olmak istiyordu.<\/p>\n H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa’ya imdada giden Tatarlar ya\u011fmac\u0131l\u0131\u011fa ba\u015flay\u0131nca 10.000 ki\u015fiden sadece 300’\u00fc ibaret kalm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa ve T\u00f6k\u00f6ly Morava’y\u0131 ge\u00e7erek\u00a024 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc Viyana’n\u0131n kar\u015f\u0131s\u0131nda ve Tuna Nehri’nin \u00fcst taraf\u0131ndaki ovada Stammesdorf mevkiine vard\u0131lar.<\/p>\n S80: II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131’n\u0131n en hazin sahnelerinden biri bug\u00fcn, 24 A\u011fustos g\u00fcn\u00fc ya\u015fand\u0131. 25-30 bin Avusturyal\u0131 askeri, Osmanl\u0131 ordusunu ku\u015fatt\u0131. Emrinde 5-6 bin asker bulunan H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa d\u00fc\u015fman \u00fczerine at\u0131lsa da, T\u00f6k\u00f6ly nehrin gerisine \u00e7ekildi. Bozulan ordu Morava suyundaki ge\u00e7ide do\u011fru ka\u00e7t\u0131. Suyu ge\u00e7erken d\u00fc\u015fen\u00a0H\u00fcseyin Pa\u015fa bo\u011fuldu. Bu; suyun di\u011fer taraf\u0131ndan m\u00fcttefiklerin birle\u015fmesine art\u0131k mani olunamayaca\u011f\u0131 anlam\u0131na geliyordu.<\/p>\n S85: M\u00fcttefiklerin \u00e7oktan Krems’e gelmi\u015f oldu\u011funu bilen Sadrazam Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa, onlarla Tuna Nehri’nin alt sahilinde \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmaktan ba\u015fka \u00e7are kalmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 anlam\u0131\u015f, zay\u0131flam\u0131\u015f ordusunu kuvvetlendirmeyi uygun g\u00f6rerek, daha \u00f6nce Raab Nehri \u00f6n\u00fcnde b\u0131rakt\u0131\u011f\u0131 Budin muhaf\u0131z\u0131 \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa’ya yerini Midillili Mustafa Pa\u015fa’y\u0131 b\u0131rakarak askerleriyle acilen Viyana’ya gelmesini s\u00f6ylemi\u015fti. \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa Eyl\u00fcl ay\u0131n\u0131n ba\u015f\u0131nda orduya kat\u0131ld\u0131.<\/p>\n \u0130lerleyen g\u00fcnlerde la\u011f\u0131mlar ard\u0131 ard\u0131na patlamaya, ileri at\u0131lan Yeni\u00e7eriler Avusturya askerleri taraf\u0131ndan geri p\u00fcsk\u00fcrt\u00fclmeye devam ettiler. 22 g\u00fcn \u015fiddetli \u00e7arp\u0131\u015fmalardan sonda Avusturyal\u0131lar 2-3 Eyl\u00fcl gecesi Starhemberg’in emriyle Ravelin’i tamamiyle terk ettiler. Buras\u0131 \u00f6n\u00fcnde toplamda 30.000 Osmanl\u0131 askeri hayat\u0131n\u0131 kaybetti.<\/p>\n S76: Ravelin’in d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc\u011f\u00fc g\u00fcn Viyana’da kar\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k \u00e7\u0131kt\u0131 ve asker itaatsizli\u011fe ba\u015flad\u0131. Yeni bir haberci aray\u0131\u015f\u0131 sonucunda \u015eahin Bonaventura ad\u0131nda \u015earkl\u0131 bir Yahudi doktorun Serady isimli u\u015fa\u011f\u0131 g\u00f6revlendirildi. Bu adam da Osmanl\u0131’n\u0131n eline d\u00fc\u015ft\u00fc.<\/p>\n S82: 3 Eyl\u00fcl’de Gro\u00df Stetteldorf’ta Kont Hardegg’in \u015fatosunda bir askeri \u015f\u00fbra topland\u0131. Sobiesky, V. Karl’\u0131n plan\u0131n\u0131 be\u011fenmi\u015fti. Tek sorun ittifak ordusuna kimin komutanl\u0131k edece\u011fiydi. Avusturya-Polonya ittifak antla\u015fmas\u0131 imzalan\u0131rken \u015fayet imparator orduya gelmezse Sobiesky’nin ittifak ordusuna kumanda etmesi kararla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n Passau’da bulunan \u0130mparator I. Leopold ise gelerek ordunun ba\u015f\u0131na ge\u00e7mek istiyordu. Kendini be\u011fenmi\u015f ve kolayca idare edilmeye m\u00fcsait bir ki\u015fili\u011fe sahip olan Sobiesky i\u00e7in bu pek bir sorun te\u015fkil etmeyecek olsa da, Frans\u0131z as\u0131ll\u0131 ve \u015f\u00f6hrete d\u00fc\u015fk\u00fcn kar\u0131s\u0131 ise ba\u015f\u0131ndan beri bu unvan\u0131n kocas\u0131na verilmesini istemi\u015f ve hatta bu nedenle imparatora m\u00fcracaatta bile bulunmu\u015ftu.<\/p>\n S83: Bir sava\u015f kural\u0131na g\u00f6re imparatorun k\u0131tas\u0131 \u015feref mevkii oldu\u011fu s\u00f6ylenen sa\u011f kanada ge\u00e7mesi gerekiyordu. Sobiesky ise t\u00fcm m\u00fcttefik ordular\u0131n tek bir ordu te\u015fkil edecek \u015fekilde birle\u015ftirilmesini ve Polon ordusunun sa\u011f kanada konulmas\u0131n\u0131 istedi. Di\u011fer m\u00fcttefik prensler ise imparatorun ya da kendisi taraf\u0131ndan tayin edilecek birinin komutas\u0131 alt\u0131nda sava\u015fmay\u0131 kabul edebileceklerini, se\u00e7ilerek tayin edilen bir kral\u0131n komutas\u0131 alt\u0131na giremeyeceklerini s\u00f6ylediler.<\/p>\n U\u00e7 noktalarda olan d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnce ayr\u0131l\u0131klar\u0131 nedeniyle Sobiesky her \u015feyi b\u0131rakarak Polonya’ya d\u00f6nece\u011fini s\u00f6yledi. Bunun \u00fczerine Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen diplomatik bir atakla \u0130mparator I. Leopold’\u00fc D\u00fcrnstein’da al\u0131koymay\u0131 ba\u015fararak, Sobietsky’ye sembolik de olsa ba\u015fkomutanl\u0131k g\u00f6revini verdi. Di\u011fer prensleri ise; her m\u00fcttefik ordusunun kendi prensi ya da onun tayin edece\u011fi bir ki\u015finin komutas\u0131 alt\u0131nda sava\u015faca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 ve b\u00fct\u00fcn Alman askerlerinin toptan idaresi Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen’e b\u0131rak\u0131lacak ve Sobietsky’de fiilen Polon ordusuna komuta edecekti.<\/p>\n 4 Eyl\u00fcl g\u00fcn\u00fc Burg tabyas\u0131n\u0131n alt\u0131nda m\u00fcthi\u015f bir la\u011f\u0131m patlad\u0131 ve 10 metre geni\u015fli\u011finde bir gedik a\u00e7\u0131ld\u0131. \u0130\u00e7eri giren 4.00 Yeni\u00e7eri \u00fczerlerine \u00e7evrilen b\u00fcy\u00fck toplar\u0131n ate\u015fi alt\u0131nda k\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131 ya da geri \u00e7ekilmek zorunda kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n Aziz Stefan Katedrali \u00e7an\u0131, II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131’ndan kalma T\u00fcrk toplar\u0131 eritilerek yap\u0131lm\u0131\u015ft\u0131r. Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Viyana, Aziz Stefan Katedrali, Temmuz 2014.<\/p><\/div>\n Kont Kielmanseg Aziz Stefan Katedrali<\/strong>‘nin (Stephansdom) kulesine yerle\u015ftirmi\u015f oldu\u011fu \u0131\u015f\u0131k ile her gece imdat i\u015fareti veriyordu.<\/p>\n G\u00fcn ge\u00e7tik\u00e7e artan zaiyat, Viyana civar\u0131n\u0131n yanm\u0131\u015f ve yak\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olmas\u0131 sebebiyle bu kadar askerin ihtiya\u00e7 duydu\u011fu erza\u011f\u0131 bazen \u00e7ok uzaklardan getirmek zorunda kalmak gibi nedenlerden dolay\u0131 Osmanl\u0131 askerleri aras\u0131nda da ho\u015fnutsuzluk her ge\u00e7en g\u00fcn art\u0131yordu. Hayvanlar i\u00e7in bile yem bulabilmek g\u00fc\u00e7 hale gelmi\u015f, bu nedenden her g\u00fcn bir\u00e7ok at telef olmaktayd\u0131. Bir de bunun \u00fczerine Schottwin’e yerle\u015ftirilen Avusturya askerlerinin, Semmering yolunu kapatmak i\u00e7in Wiener Neustadt civar\u0131na g\u00f6nderilen Osmanl\u0131 askerlerine bask\u0131n yaparak 600 araba erza\u011f\u0131 ellerinden almas\u0131 eklenmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n \u0130\u015fin uzamas\u0131ndan s\u0131k\u0131lan Yeni\u00e7eriler sadrazama ba\u015fkald\u0131r\u0131nca, Merzifonlu Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n<\/p>\n benim onlara ihtiyac\u0131m yoktur, yerlerine ge\u00e7irecek 40.000’den fazla askerim var<\/p>\n demesiyle aralar\u0131nda g\u00f6r\u00fc\u015ferek isyandan vaz ge\u00e7tiler.<\/p>\n S83-84: Polonlar 6 Eyl\u00fcl’de Tuna Nehri’ni ge\u00e7meye ba\u015flasalar da, ya\u011fan \u015fiddetli ya\u011fmur nedeniyle biraz gecikme ya\u015fanm\u0131\u015ft\u0131. Ertesi g\u00fcn imparatorun askerleri nehri ge\u00e7tiler ve 7 Eyl\u00fcl ak\u015fam\u0131 t\u00fcm m\u00fcttefik ordular\u0131 Tulln’da topland\u0131lar. 9 Eyl\u00fcl sabah\u0131nda g\u00fcn\u00fcn do\u011fu\u015fuyla ittifak ordusu harekete ge\u00e7erek, ayn\u0131 g\u00fcn\u00fcn ak\u015fam\u0131 St. Andr\u00e4 ve K\u00f6nigstetten aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgede konaklad\u0131lar.<\/p>\n S84:\u00a010 Temmuz’da b\u00fct\u00fcn Alman ordular\u0131 Wienerwald’a (Viyana Ormanlar\u0131) girmi\u015f bulunuyorlard\u0131. O g\u00fcn\u00fcn gecesini Weidling’de ge\u00e7iren Karl V. Leopold von Lothringen Kahlenberg’e \u00e7\u0131kan yollar\u0131 bizzat g\u00f6zden ge\u00e7irdi. Kahlenberg ve Leopoldsberg’te bulunan az say\u0131daki Osmanl\u0131 n\u00f6bet\u00e7ilerinin yan\u0131nda hi\u00e7bir top bulunmad\u0131\u011f\u0131ndan, az bir miktar asker g\u00f6ndererek tepeleri i\u015fgal etmelerini emretti ve ba\u015far\u0131 sa\u011fland\u0131. Ertesi g\u00fcn\u00fc iki tepeye t\u0131rmanmaya ba\u015flayan M\u00fcttefik Ordusu hi\u00e7bir direni\u015fle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015fmad\u0131klar\u0131ndan hem \u015fa\u015fk\u0131nl\u0131k hem de sevin\u00e7 ya\u015f\u0131yorlard\u0131, ki bu tepeleri yo\u011fun \u00e7at\u0131\u015fmalar sonucu ele ge\u00e7ireceklerini d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnm\u00fc\u015flerdi.<\/p>\n 32.600 piyade ve 32.400 s\u00fcvari ile 65.000 askerden olu\u015fan M\u00fcttefik ordusunun elinde 165 top bulunmakla beraber, bunlar\u0131n bir k\u0131sm\u0131n\u0131 zor \u015fartlar alt\u0131nda tepeye \u00e7\u0131karabili\u015fler, a\u011f\u0131r olanlar\u0131 da\u011f\u0131n ete\u011finde b\u0131rakmak zorunda kalm\u0131\u015flard\u0131.<\/p>\n S85: Sonradan Voltaire;<\/p>\n \u0130mparator hari\u00e7 olmak \u00fczere b\u00fct\u00fcn imparatorluk orada idi<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n s\u00f6z\u00fcn\u00fc bu ordu i\u00e7in sarf etmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n S85-86: K\u0131r\u0131m (Tatar) Han\u0131 Murat Giray<\/strong>, Sadrazam Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa’ya g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi mektubunda, m\u00fcttefiklerin \u00e7ok kuvvetli oldu\u011funu ve asker ve toplar\u0131n siperlerden \u00e7\u0131kart\u0131larak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcmeyi tavsiye ederek, yeterli haz\u0131rl\u0131kl\u0131 olunmamas\u0131 durumunda ordunun i\u015finin zor oldu\u011funu yazd\u0131. Buna hiddetlenen Sadrazam;<\/p>\n Onlar ne bilir? Vars\u0131n beygirlerini g\u00fcts\u00fcn. Ben gelek k\u00e2firi \u00e7ad\u0131r o\u011flanlar\u0131ma tokmakla dildiririm. Onlar\u0131n havf\u0131 varsa kar\u0131\u015fmas\u0131nlar<\/p>\n<\/blockquote>\n diyerek,\u00a0K\u0131r\u0131m (Tatar) Han\u0131 Murat Giray’a g\u00f6nderdi\u011fi a\u011f\u0131r hakaretli cevab\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 Tuna Nehri’nin di\u011fer taraf\u0131na ge\u00e7irmemesini emretmi\u015fti.<\/p>\n Budin Muhaf\u0131z\u0131 \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa<\/strong> da Murat Giray’\u0131n d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcncelerine kat\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirterek, Viyana’da iki ate\u015f aras\u0131nda d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131 beklemektense, toplar\u0131 ve Yeni\u00e7eri’yi alarak d\u00fc\u015fman\u0131n \u00fczerine y\u00fcr\u00fcyerek Wienerwald tepelerine dayan\u0131p d\u00fcz sahada meydan muharabesi yapman\u0131n daha uygun olaca\u011f\u0131 y\u00f6n\u00fcnde fikrini belirtmi\u015fti. Her ne kadar \u0130brahim Pa\u015fa gibi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnenler de bulunsa da, Sadrazam Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa Viyana garnizonunun Osmanl\u0131 askerini arkadan vuraca\u011f\u0131n\u0131 d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcnerek Yeni\u00e7eri A\u011fas\u0131’na \u015fehrin s\u0131k\u0131\u015ft\u0131r\u0131lmaya devam edilmesini emretti. B\u00f6ylece siperlerdeki 30.000 yeni\u00e7eri ile toplar yerlerinde kald\u0131lar.<\/p>\n 1933 y\u0131l\u0131nda II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 ‘n\u0131n 250. y\u0131l d\u00f6n\u00fcm\u00fc m\u00fcnasebetiyle yapt\u0131r\u0131lan T\u00fcrk \u00c7e\u015fmesi (T\u00fcrkenbrunnen). Foto\u011fraf: \u00a9 Muratcan G\u00fcm\u00fc\u015f, Klosterneuburg\/A\u015fa\u011f\u0131 Avusturya, May\u0131s 2018.<\/p><\/div>\n S87: Kara Mustafa Pa\u015fa’n\u0131n plan\u0131na g\u00f6re d\u00fc\u015fman Wienerwald tepeleri (Vogelangsberg, Kahlenberg ve Leopoldsberg) ile Tuna Nehri aras\u0131ndaki b\u00f6lgeden ge\u00e7erek Klosterneuburg \u00fczerinden Viyana’ya gelecek ve ovaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131nca b\u00fct\u00fcn s\u00fcvarileri ile \u00fczerine atlayarak onlar\u0131 bozguna u\u011fratacakt\u0131. Bunun i\u00e7indir ki, 7 Eyl\u00fcl’den itibaren Viyana Ormanlar\u0131 (Wienerwald) tepelerine kadar yay\u0131lm\u0131\u015f olan Osmanl\u0131 ordusuna ait e\u015fya ve erzaklar\u0131 oralardan \u00e7ekerek arkaya g\u00f6ndermi\u015f ve bu sahay\u0131 bo\u015faltm\u0131\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-kapak-fotografi-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x486.jpg\")
<\/a>\u00a0II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131\u00a0<\/span><\/h1>\n
\n
![\"Viyana'da](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/1-viyana-kusatmasi-turk-gulleleri-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x543.jpg\")
<\/a>\n
![\"Viyana'da](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-turk-gullesi-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x390.jpg\")
<\/a>2. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131<\/h1>\n
II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 nedenleri ve sonu\u00e7lar\u0131<\/h2>\n
II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 nedenleri\u00a0[1]<\/a><\/h3>\n
![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/imparator-i-leopold-viyana-askeri-tarih-muzesi-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpeg\")
<\/a>![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/belvedere-sarayi-sanat-koleksiyonlari-barok-portre-emeric-thokoly-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg\")
![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/viyana-gezilecek-yerler-graben-caddesi-veba-aniti-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x533.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2118\/12\/osmanli-doneminde-budin-gul-baba-turbesi-www-muratcangumus.com_-800x572.jpeg\")
II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131 – \u0130ttifaklar\u00a0[1]<\/a><\/h3>\n
![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/prens-eugen-kislik-sarayi-viyana-papa-innocent-xi-bustu-1.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/viyana-askeri-tarih-muzesi-seccade-ve-uzerinde-avrupa-ordularinin-sancaklari-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpeg\")
<\/a>![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/leh-krali-iii-jan-sobieski-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg.jpg\")
![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/viyana-cevresinde-gezilecek-yerler-laxenburg-satosu-1-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x600.jpeg\")
<\/a>![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/ii-viyana-kusatmasi-karl_leopold_von_lothringen_www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg.jpg\")
II. Viyana Ku\u015fatmas\u0131’n\u0131n seyri<\/h3>\n
![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/08\/viyana-kusatmasi-merzifonlu-kara-mustafa-pasa-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x942.jpeg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/09\/savoy-prensi-eugen-kislik-sarayi-jan-sobieski-kara-mustafa-pasa-portreleri-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x449.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/prens-eugen-1-yukari-belvedere-sarayi-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg\")
<\/a>
\n
\n<\/strong><\/p>\n![\"\"](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2118\/11\/yukari-belvedere-sarayi-dis-gorunus-viyana-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x533.jpg\")
<\/a><\/p>\n
\n![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/habsburglar-imparator-i-leopold-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg\")
![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/starhemberg-viyana-sehir-muzesi-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x1034.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-belediye-baskani-johann-andreas-von-liebenberg-viyana-sehir-muzesi-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg\")
![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/viyana-ring-bulvari-liebenberg-aniti-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x530.jpeg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/viyana-gezilecek-yerler-burgerliches-zeughaus-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpeg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-st-ulrich-kilisesi-dis-gorunus-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x612.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2020\/09\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-merzifonlu-kara-mustafa-pasa-cadiri-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg-800x594.jpg\")
![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/05\/georg-franz-koltschitzky-www.muratcangumus.com_.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/09\/viyana-gezilecek-yerler-aziz-stefan-katedrali-pummerin-cani-800x533.jpg\")
<\/a>\n
\n
![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/10\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-klosterneuburg-turk-cesmesi-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x600.jpg\")
<\/a>
![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/11\/2-viyana-kusatmasi-turk-siperleri-parki-tuerkenschanzpark-www.muratcangumus.com_-800x533.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"Viyana](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/viyana-sehir-muzesi-2-viyana-kusatmasi-resmi-www.muratcangumus.com_-1-800x534.jpg\")
<\/a>![\"II.](\"https:\/\/www.muratcangumus.com\/wp-content\/uploads\/2017\/11\/viyana-askeri-tarih-muzesi-II-viyana-kusatmasi-resim-www.muratcangumus.com-Muratcan-Gumus-800x486.jpeg\")
<\/a>